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BEHP5018 > 5018 Unit 3 > Flashcards

5018 Unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Simplest arrangement where you deliver a discrete consequence for each discrete response

A

Continuous reinforcement

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2
Q

Reinforcement only sometimes follows target response

A

Intermittent reinforcement

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3
Q

Reinforcement is provided following a pre-specified number of responses

A

Ratio schedules

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4
Q

Two Varieties of Ratio Schedule

A 
Fixed Ratio (FR)
Variable Ratio (VR)
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5
Q

Deliver reinforcer after the last of a fixed number of responses

A

Fixed Ratio

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6
Q

Arrange reinforcers for the last of number of responses that varies from one reinforcer to the next

A

Variable Ratio

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7
Q

Reinforcement provided for the first response that follows some amount of time

A

Interval Schedules

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8
Q

Two Varieties of Interval Schedule

A

Fixed-interval (FI)

Variable-interval (VI)

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9
Q

Reinforcement delivered contingent on first response after some constant time period has elapsed

A

Fixed-interval

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10
Q

Arrange reinforcers contingent on first response after a specified time, but time varies from one reinforcer to the next

A

Variable-interval

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11
Q

Deliver stimuli known in other contexts to be reinforcers solely on the basis of time independent of responding

A

Response-independent schedules (time-based)

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12
Q

Two Varieties of Time-Based Schedule

A 
Fixed Time (FT)
Variable Time (VT)
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13
Q

Reinforcer delivered after some constant time period has elapsed

A

Fixed Time (FT)

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14
Q

Arrange reinforcers after a specified time, but the time varies from one reinforcer to the next

A

Variable Time

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15
Q

Some responses are reinforced and others are not

A

Differential Reinforcement

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16
Q

t s without response, then 1 response, decrease or slow down bx

A

DRL (low rate)

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17
Q

1 response within t s or less of last response; increase or speed up bx

A

DRH (high rate)

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18
Q

t s without a response

A

DRO (omission)

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19
Q

contingent on alternative response, often in the absence of target response

A

DRA (alternative)

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20
Q

Task materials and relevant instructions do not occasion predetermined level of performance in absence of prompts

A

Skill deficit

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21
Q

The skill is intact, but the person is unmotivated to respond under appropriate stimulus conditions

A

Performance (motivational) deficit

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22
Q

Some property of responding is gradually changed by differentially reinforcing successive approximations to target behavior

A

Shaping

23
Q

Components of Shaping

A

Reinforcement and Extinction

24
Q

This shaping component increases response variability allowing novel response form to contact reinforcement

A

Extinction

25
Q

Ways to increase response diversity

A

Extinction

Lag reinforcement schedules

26
Q

Number of responses separating current response from an earlier one like it

A

Lag

27
Q

Current response is reinforced if it differs from the last preceding responses along the specified dimension

A

Lag reinforcement schedule

28
Q

Reinforcing only unprompted correct responses lead to

A

infrequent reinforcers

29
Q

Reinforcing physically guided responses lead to

A

risk of strengthening behavior that will not generalize beyond the learning setting

30
Q

Ultimate goal of prompting

A

promote independent responding

31
Q

Naturally related to the responses that produce it

A

Intrinsic reward

32
Q

Arbitrarily related to the responses that produce it

A

Extrinsic reward

33
Q

Sr+ contingencies (extrinsic rewards) lead to decrements in enjoyment (intrinsic rewards) and thus result in decreases in engagement

A

Overjustification Theory

34
Q

What accounts for lessened intrinsic motivation

A

Contrast Effects

Learned Helplessness Phenomena

35
Q

Changes in rate of Sr+ under one condition can produce an opposite change in rate of responding in another condition

A

Contrast Effects

36
Q

In performance-independent reward, “it doesn’t matter how well I do”

A

Learner Helplessness Phenomena

37
Q

A prediction conducted under very low effort requirements often with simplistic responses and predictions do not necessarily guarantee utility of stimulus in actual training or treatment

A

Stimulus Preference Assessments (SPA)

38
Q

General experimental arrangements for Sr+ assessments

A

Single Operant
Concurrent Schedule
Progressive Ratio
Demand Curves

39
Q

Three General Categories of SPAs

A

Indirect Preference Assessment
Naturalistic (in-vivo) direct observation
Direct Preference Assessment

40
Q

Direct Preference Assessment Methods

A

Single Item/ Approach Method
Paired-Stimulus Preference Assessment
Multiple-Stimulus Preference Assessment
Duration Based Preference Assessment

41
Q

AKA single-stimulus assessment; place one item in front of the person; measure whether or not they approach the item; hierarchy based on approaches/ trials

A

Single Item/ Approach Method

42
Q

AKA forced choice PA; stimuli presented in pairs

A

Paired-Stimulus Preference Assessment

43
Q

Present all items in the array spontaneously

A

Multiple-Stimulus Preference Assessment

44
Q

Formula for number of trials in Paired-stimulus PA

A

Number of trials= n(n-1)/2, where n is total number of stimuli included

45
Q

Variations of Multiple Stimulus PA

A

MSW

MSWO

46
Q

Items are presented to the individual and the proportion of time spent engaging with the items is recorded

A

Duration-based Preference Assessment

47
Q

Variations of Duration-based PA

A

Free operant/ multiple item
Single item presentation
Competing Stimulus Preference Assessment

48
Q

Duration-based assessment used to determine the extent to which stimuli displace problem behavior

A

Competing Stimulus Preference Assessment

49
Q

Stimulus Preference Assessment for Individuals with Profound Disabilities

A

Microswitches

Indices of happiness

50
Q

Selection controlled by location rather than by the items themselves

A

Position Bias

51
Q

Ways to Eliminate Position Bias

A

Quality Training

Magnitude Training

52
Q

ABLA

A

Assessment of Basic Learning Abilities

53
Q

An important consideration when selecting reinforcers

A

Ecological Fit of Reinforcers

BEHP5018 (9 decks)

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