501-1000 Flashcards
Question
Answer
Modern furnace walls are usually lined with
tile or have water walls
Biological safety equipment includes
a. biosafety cabinets, c. personal protective equipment
Office space should provide at least ______ per minute per occupant of clean outside air at minimum where smoking is not prohibited.
20 ft3
Regulation of bloodborne pathogens is promulgated by
OSHA
The Medical Waste Tracking Act of 1988, which amended the Solid Waste Disposal Act, required ______ to establish a two year demonstration program for tracking medical waste in selected states.
EPA
Excessive condensation, corrosion, and mildew occur when the relative humidity exceeds
60 percent
A biohazard is
a material of biological composition, especially if infective, that constitutes a threat to humans or their environment
To prevent chimney backdrafts, the chimney must be constructed ______ inches above the highest point of the roof at a minimum.
24 inches
Cross-connection controls include air gaps, backflow preventers, vacuum breakers and
indirect waste piping
The protection of personnel and the immediate laboratory environment from exposure to infectious agents by good microbiological technique and safety equipment is called
primary containment
In unsewered areas, the responsibility for water and sewer for new subdivisions is assigned to the
developer
Which of the following are not typically members of the infection control committee
hospital CEO
Mobile homes have been in general production since
1954
The reasons for nosocomial infections in hospitals, and nursing homes are
REF!
The drain line of an ice machine should connect to the sewer system through
an open receptacle with an air gap
Most urban dwellers spend what percent of their total time indoors
80 to 90 percent
Which of the following is the primary cause of indoor air quality problems?
inadequate ventilation
Minimum APHA-PHS standards for housing include
running water piped in
The high moisture content of combustion vent gases create
acids which eat away at the mortar in the chimney
Nosocomial infections are a recurring problem in
hospitals
Universal precautions refer to
an infection control measure in which all human blood and certain body fluids are treated as infectious
Minimum wash water temperature in a hospital laundry is
160 to 167 degrees F
The development and maintenance of an exposure control plan is one requirement of
OSHA’s bloodborne pathogens regulations
Those laboratory activities that may result in personnel exposure to aerosols may result in
increased containment
Exposure to formaldehyde can cause
REF!
Lead poisoning is commonly associated with children living in homes built before
1970
Vent gases combined with high moisture inside a chimney will form
sulfuric acid
Which or the following are the most frequent disease transmission routes in child day care centers?
REF!
Radon is detected in a home through measurment of
alpha particles
The major potential entry sources of radon are
REF!
The appointment and maintenance of an Institutional Biosafety Committee (IBC) is one of the requirements of
NIH
The Muerto Canyon virus causes disease of the ______ in humans.
lungs
A class II biological safety cabinet (BSC) is designed to protect
REF!
In the APHA-PHS Recommended Housing Maintenance and Occupancy Ordinance, the responsibility of storing and disposing of all rubbish is assigned to the
owner and occupant jointly
Laboratories working with infectious agents in a properly controlled setting have been shown to
represent no threat to the community
Herpesvirus simiae (B-virus) is naturally occurring in certain species of monkeys namely the macaque. The highest risk of humans acquiring this virus is from
the bite of a macaque
The air gap between the end of the faucet and the overflow rim of the sink should be ______ times the diameter of the supply pipe.
1 1/2
Muerto Canyon virus (MCV) is a hantavirus mainly carried by
deer mice
A clean bench should be considered for use
only when there is no possible risk to personnel
Biological safety cabinets should be performance tested every
1 year
The biosafety containment level suitable for work involving agents of moderate potential hazard to personnel and the environment is
biosafety level 2
The housefly consumes only liquids, and therefore, must transform all other substances to the liquid state before digestion.
TRUE
The poison of poison ivy, oak, and sumac is an oleoresin that is found in all parts of the plant except the
wood
Rocky Mountain spotted fever is transmitted by
dog ticks
For a pesticide to be permitted for application on a raw agricultural food or feed, the residue must exceed the tolerance established for the product by the Department of Health and Human Services under the conditions of use.
FALSE
Psittacosis/Ornithosis is spread by
pigeons
Malaria prevention programs have been losing their effectiveness in many countries mainly because of
a. inadequate funding and research, b. adaption of mosquitoes to new environments, c. resistance to certain insecticides and resistance of Plasmodium falciparum parasites to drugs used to prevent and treat malarial infections
DDT has been banned for use in all countries except parts of Africa, Sweden, Great Britain, and all South American Countries.
FALSE
Rattus norvegicus is also referred to as the
REF!
The most practical way to control hay fever is to
treat the patient
Lice require human blood to live.
TRUE
Black flies are disease vectors for onchocerciasis.
TRUE
Vector-borne encephalitidies are not communicable directly from person to person, but only by the bite of infected mosquitoes.
TRUE
Bats are threat to humans because they carry
rabies
A pesticide that ______ is referred to as a “Restricted Classification” pesticide and is generally not available to the homeowner.
REF!
In order to control rats at open dumps, a poison-bait application program should be started ______ before a site is abandoned or converted and before earthmoving equipment is brought to the site.
2 weeks
A “chigger” is the larval stage of a type of
mite
The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
REF!
The female and male mosquito feed only on the blood of humans and animals.
FALSE
The first step in a rat control program is
a community survey
The peak seasons for rats to breed in temperate zones are
spring and fall
The prime feeding time of the Anopheles mosquito is usually around midday.
FALSE
Items such as tennis balls, golf balls, gloves, and auto tires that come into contact with poison ivy, oak, and sumac may spread the poison as well as physical contact with the plants.
TRUE
Yellow jackets usually build their nests below the ground.
TRUE
Rattus Rattus is also referred to as the
roof rat
Some of the main sources of pollen are trees in the summer, grasses in the spring, and weeds in the winter.
FALSE
Relief from hay fever may be obtained by
REF!
An example of an anticoagulant rodenticide is
warfarin
Sodium fluoroacetate, also known as “1080,” is the most effective fast-acting rodenticide available for use throughout the United States.
FALSE
Wasps are usually attracted to
REF!
Vector-borne encephalitidies have replaced malaria as the major mosquito-borne disease in North America.
TRUE
The poison found in poison ivy, oak, and sumac is extremely volatile.
FALSE
Burning off poisonous plants is not advisable because smoke will carry particles long distances and spread the infection.
TRUE
Bat-proofing should not be conducted from May through August because baby bats can be trapped inside.
TRUE
Hormone or growth regulators also known as systematic herbicides are toxic to the plant living cells they cover and are usually absorbed through the stem of the plant upon contact.
FALSE
Bat-proofing should be done in the ______, when bats are hibernating in caves.
midautumn through spring
An effective pest management and weed control program focuses on the
integration of a combination of methods
A mature ragweed plant can produce up to ______ pollen grains in one season
1 billion
In general, there are three kinds of weeds. These are
annuals, biennials, and perennials
When first considering the control of houseflies, roaches, and rats, the primary emphasis should be on
basic community environmental sanitation to eliminate the conditions that make possible their survival and reproduction
An adult rat requires approximately ______ of food per day.
1 ounce
The Norway rat has a normal home range of
100 to 150 feet
Bats serve a useful purpose by keeping down the number of insects.
TRUE
Rodents are the primary reservoir/host of the hantavirus. In particular, ______ appears to be the primary reservoir for hantavirus, which was first recognized in 1993 in the southeastern United States.
deer mouse
The full potential of naturalistic and source-reduction measures should be applied before considering chemical means for controlling arthropods, rodents, and weeds.
TRUE
______ is an infectious disease of the skin caused by burrowing of the female mite into the skin where it deposits its eggs.
scabies
Because the pesticides lindane and malathion do not stain they are excellent liquid insecticide sprays to use for controlling bedbugs in mattresses or other bedding.
FALSE
Storage of clothing, bedding, and any other lice infested items for at least ______ will cause the lice to die of starvation.
2 weeks
Soil sterilants are a type of herbicide which are
absorbed by the plant root system
The best preventive measure for poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac is
REF!
Which of the following is not a condition that encourages the growth of weeds?
none of the above
It is known that some common pathogenic organisms found in wastewater will survive more than __________ of harsh temperature extremes.
2 years
Stream pollution is sometimes apparent by
a zone of degradation
A lump of soil with good characteristics will break apart with little pressure along definite cleavage plains and should be blue or grayish in color.
FALSE
When storm water and domestic sewage enter the same sewer it is known as a
combined sewer
The recommended maximum length of the system materials for a gravity flow absorption field is 75 feet.
TRUE
If the septic tank will have a garbage disposal unit feeding into it
the size of the tank should be increased 50 percent
The recommended backfill over the absorption field is 8 to12 inches.
TRUE
The plans for an area to be sewered should
REF!
The detention time for wastewater in a septic tank is recommended to be
24 to 72 hours
A storm sewer is used to
remove rain other standing surface water
What is the most common method of applying wastewater to land?
spray irrigation
Brine from water softening units as low as ______ may inhibit bacterial action in septic tanks.
1.2 percent
Each water quality class has a ______ standard established.
REF!
Trickling filters can remove 90 to 95 percent of the __________ found in soil, water, and wastewater.
REF!
Grease traps are installed for the purpose of minimizing grease in the sewer system. The trap
is not of proven value in many commercial applications
The use of a cesspool is prohibited due to
greater potential for groundwater contamination
Chlorination of untreated wastewater is typically NOT an effective treatment for
REF!
The permeability of soil is directly related to the __________ of the soil.
REF!
After a septic tank has been cleaned, it should not be scrubbed and disinfected. Why?
a. the sludge sticking to the insides would have a seeding effect and assist in renewing the bacterial activity, c. it would be considered a safety hazard
The amount of dissolved oxygen required in aerobic bacterial decomposition, measured in ppm or mg/l and used in determining the strength of wastewater is
biochemical oxygen demand
The septic tank functions as a
REF!
Facultative bacteria can
live under both aerobic and anaerobic condition
While it is arguably preferable to conduct a soil analysis for sizing absorption fields percolation tests are sometimes used. In order to obtain reproducible results with a soil percolation test, it is very important to:
soak the hole with water before the test is made
Ozone disinfection has many advantages. Which of the following is NOT true?
ozone is approximately equal in cost to chlorine
Loam is composed of which of the following?
REF!
Sludge accumulation in a tank serving a normal home has been estimated at
18 to 21 gals. per person per year
The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) prohibits the discharge of pollutants into U.S. waters unless a permit is issued by
a. EPA, b. the State
Plants employing trickling filters, activated sludge, and spray irrigation present a possible health hazard to their employees due to
inhalation of airborne microorganisms
Common causes of failure of septic tank seepage field systems include improper sizing, nonsuitable soil, nonservicing, and
leaking fixtures
The wastewater from a toilet or latrine flushing is referred to as
black water
Sewer gas may contain
REF!
The reliability and interpretation of the soil percolation test are affected by all of the following except
shape of the test hole
Which of the following is not true concerning sewage and disease hazards?
entamoeba histolytica, hepatitis viruses, and giardia cysts are easily destroyed by normal chlorination of sewage
In the usage of septic-tank additives, which of the following compounds is not recommended?
REF!
Sewage treatment plants should be designed for
the population at least 10 years in the future
The exposure of excreta or sewage on the surface of the ground sets the stage for disease transmission by both direct contact or
REF!
After the absorption field has failed, which of the following will NOT correct or repair the field?
increase the water pressure
The examination of road cuts, stream embankments, and/or building excavations provides only marginal information about soils due to oxidation.
FALSE
A water leak no larger than 1/8 inch in diameter can result in a loss of up to:
400 gallons in 24 hours
The sand filter is used to
a. remove suspended solids from water - b. remove bacteria from water
The typical limitation of use of the septic tank absorption field system is due to
soil type and size requirements
Which of the following is an explosive component of sewer gas?
methane
The field distribution piping should be surrounded with ______ and at least 2 inches deep under the pipe.
washed gravel, 3/4 inches to 2 1/2 inches
The ability of the soil to absorb and allow water and air to pass through is called
permeability
Septage is best defined as
a. sludge, b. scum, c. gray water
Which of the following is typically used at a residential sewage treatment system with a surface discharge?
a. sodium hypochlorite, b. calcium hypochlorite
Soil containing loam will remove most of the phosphorus in sewage effluent.
TRUE
Low-pressure, vacuum and cluster systems may be used
REF!
The volume of the dose from a properly sized dosing tank should be equal to:
60% of the volume of the lines dosed
The suitability of soil for the subsurface disposal of sewage and other wastewater can be determined by a study of soil characteristics and the
soil percolation test
The traditional absorption field should be laid in trenches not more than ______ below the ground surface.
24 inches
Yeast added to a new septic tank speeds up digestion by a factor of 2.7.
FALSE
The recommended distance from the bottom of the trench to the ground water table or rock is 62 inches.
FALSE
Which of the following is non-toxic to aquatic organisms, a good viricide, and adds oxygen to treated wastewater effluents?
ozone
Excreta typically is defined as containing
2000 million fecal coliform, 450 million fecal streptococci, and 400 billion E. coli per 100 to 200 grams
The degree of eutrophication of a lake is indicated by
REF!
Human disease from aerosols of wastewater
is related primarily to wastewater treatment by the activated sludge, trickling filter, and spray irrigation processes
Chemical coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration remove
REF!
Disinfection or chlorination of sewage effluent is
an added safeguard to reduce the risk of disease transmission where the probability exists
Which of the following are least important in reducing sewage to “soil,” liquids, and gases?
anaerobic bacteria
The top of the absorption field gravel should be covered with
permeable material
A soil which is mottled brown and red would indicate
a tight soil probably due to a fluctuating water table or lack of aeration
Which of the following soils would be most suitable for subsurface absorption of wastewater
a yellow, brown, or red soil
A young lake is considered to be
oligotrophic
Sludge and scum accumulation, and the appearance of particles of solids in the effluent from a septic tank is an indication of what?
a septic tank in need of cleaning
The placement of the distribution box is not critical as long as it is water tight.
FALSE
The effectiveness of disinfection depends on
REF!
The use of a serial distribution system is considered to have disadvantages over the use of distribution boxes.
FALSE
Any excavation in clay, loam, silt or sand more than ______ in depth should have side wall protection to prevent a cave-in.
4 feet
Loam is a mixture of gravel, sand, silt, and clay containing what?
decayed plant and animal matter
The type of filter that is recommended for use at small communities and rural places is the
slow sand filter
In emergencies, small quantities of water can be disinfected by boiling or using
tincture of iodine
A hydraulic ram is used to elevate a quantity of water to a higher elevation. Rams are powered by
water
Which of the following statements is (are) true concerning the presence of coliform organisms in drinking water?
the drinking water should be considered unsanitary
In testing for residual chlorine, which of the following determines free available chlorine with minimal interference from combined chlorine, iron, nitrates, and nitrites?
DPD-colormetric method
Alkalinity of water is desirable at levels of
30 to 100 mg/l
Which of the following methods of backsiphonage prevention is least effective?
barometric loop
Which of the following chemicals is the most widely used to destroy microorganisms?
chlorine
The flushometer valve is typically protected by
a non-pressure-type vacuum breaker
Which of the following is not used to disinfect water?
fluorine
The geophysical methods used to identify and investigate the extent and characteristics of ground water pollution include
REF!
Microscopic photosynthetic plants of the simplest forms, having neither roots, stems, nor leaves, that are associated with taste and odor, filter clogging, and other water problems are known as
algae
The control of corrosion in piping requires all of the following steps except
an increase in water velocity
Of the following, which is not a variable to be considered when deciding upon a safe distance between a well and a sewage disposal system?
the number of individuals utilizing the well
Cross-connections are frequent causes of disease resulting from
REF!
Which of the following statements is (are) true?
a. all surface water must be considered unsanitary unless given adequate treatment, c. when considering surface water as a water supply, the entire watershed must be surveyed
Control of infectious, intestinal diseases of humans requires
REF!
Which of the following disinfecting compounds can be used full strength for disinfection?
sodium hypochlorite
A centrifugal pump is limited to use where the lift of the water is not in excess of
15 feet
The Langelier index is used to determine the point of stability of
calcium carbonate
Which of the following is used to properly seal a drilled well to prevent contamination of the water supply?
grouting
Granular activated carbon (GAC) filters are used to
REF!
Ozone is effective against
REF!
Which of the following is the more common and least expensive method of backflow control?
air gap separation
Which of the following is (are) fundamental to the control of inorganic chemicals in drinking water?
REF!
Which of the following wells is considered the most dependable source of water and is less likely to become contaminated?
drilled well
Which of the following factors contributes to water hardness?
dissolved bicarbonates, sulfates, and/or chlorides of magnesium and calcium in groundwater
The gas causing the distinct “rotten egg” odor in many water sources is
hydrogen sulfide
What is desalination?
the conversion of seawater or brackish water to fresh water
Which of the following is not considered a satisfactory solution to the problem of chemical contamination in well systems?
boiling the water
Which of the following is not a primary consideration when locating a groundwater supply?
the distance that the water will need to travel
The sources of water supply are divided into which of the following major classifications?
groundwater and surface water
Which of the following is not a commonly accepted method or device to prevent backsiphonage?
cross-connections
The gases frequently found in water that encourage corrosion are
oxygen and carbon dioxide
Microbial pollution travels only a short distance through
sandy loam or clay
Water containing nitrates generally indicates
evidence of agricultural/previous pollution
Drinking water standards generally specify that a water is safe provided that testing in a specified manner does not reveal more than an average of
1 positive sample out of 40 samples taken
Hardness in drinking water is desirable at levels of
50 to 80 mg/l
