1001-1500 Flashcards
Question
Answer
Individuals particularly susceptible to the toxic effects of cadmium are those who are deficient in:
iron
Which one of the following statements about cadmium is false?
it helps the body metabolize calcium
The largest outbreak of cadmium poisoning thus far documented occurred in:
Japan
A major problem associated with cadmium poisoning is:
kidney failure
Of the following, the most likely to succumb to cadmium poisoning are:
malnourished women
Which one of the following is least likely to occur in the US?
cadmium poisoning
What is the MOST common cause of bacterial meningitis in children under five years of age?
Haemophilus influenzae type B
How is giardiasis USUALLY transmitted to others?
person-to-person transfer of cysts from the feces of the infected individual
Which of the following duties of state and local health agencies is intended to ensure that the public’s health and welfare are protected?
regulatory responsibilities
What is epidemic?
the occurrence in a community or region of cases of an illness clearly in excess of expectancy
What portal of entry should a field sanitarian protect to avoid contracting Lyme disease?
skin
Which of the following factors would LEAST contribute to the emergence of a new infectious disease?
heat disinfection
Listeriosis is COMMONLY associated with:
contaminated food
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome is caused by infection with
Escherichia coli 0157:H7
The basic principles of disease control include all of the following except
lag phase
Which one of the following phrases MOST accurately describes the term endemic?
constant presence of an illness
An establishment known to have imminent health hazards is not closed by the inspecting regulatory authority. This example best fits the definition of a:
nonfeasance
Vehicleborne, vectorborne or airborne are all examples of:
indirect mode of transmission
An employer is held liable for the torts of its employee committed within the scope of their employment. This is referred to as:
respondeat superior
Performance of an authorized act in a unauthorized manner is called:
misfeasance
What is the federal agency that regulates food additives?
food and drug administration
How is the term contamination defined when used in connection with a communicable disease?
presence of pathogenic agents on a surface, article or substance
What is the most common contributing factor to foodborne illness?
improper holding temperatures
Why are some foods classified as time/temperature control for safety?
they support rapid growth of pathogenic microorganisms
Which food does not require refrigeration at 41F (5C)?
UHT creamers
What is the best means of inhibiting the growth of microorganisms in fresh meat?
adequate refrigeration and cleanliness
What is the maximum accumulated time that time/temperature control for safety food can safely be exposed to the temperature danger zone?
6 hours
If time only is used as a public health control, the maximum period of time recommended by the FDA for time/temperature control for safety food to be held is:
6 hours if the warmest part of the food item does not exceed 70F
What is the minimum period of time that the FDA recommends employees wash their hands and arms up to the elbow?
20 seconds
Unpasteurized eggs NOT intended for immediate service should be cooked to:
155F for 15 seconds
What is the usual mode of infection from Salmonella?
Ingestion of contaminated food
What is the source of scombroid poisoning?
Histamines in the muscle of fish
What type of well is considered least likely to become contaminated?
Drilled
Diatomaceous earth filters:
Should be supplemented by a chlorination system
Microbial pollution travels only a short distance through:
Smooth clay
What type of filter is recommended for use in small communities and rural places?
Slow sand
Backsiphonage may be prevented by all of the following methods except
Hydrostatic loops
Which of the following is the least effective method for cadmium removal from drinking water?
Activated carbon
Before a drinking water sample is taken, the sampling tap should be clean, free of leaks and flushed for how long?
2 to 3 minutes
What contaminant has been associated with learning and cognitive disorders in children who drink contaminated water?
Lead
Nutrients associated with eutrophication include all of the following except:
Potassium
Which of the following is least important when reducing sewage to gases?
Earthworms
A septic tank maintenance worker has checked an empty tank for the presence of hydrogen sulfide (H2S). The test was negative, and there are no odors indicating the presence of other hazardous gases. Is the tank safe to enter without a respirator and supplied air?
No, because oxygen content and methane were not tested
All of the following are true about ozone as a disinfectant except which one?
Long-lasting residual
Aerobic bacteria require all of the following nutrients except:
Magnesium
What does mottled brown and red soil indicate?
Inadequate aeration methods
Alternative small wastewater treatment systems are considered unless:
Impervious formations are found at a depth of 10 feet
Lime coagulation, mixed media filtration, and activated carbon filtration will greatly reduce
EPA priority pollutants
After the servicing (pumping) of a septic tank, it is essential that the tank and lid be
Replaced and secured for safety purposes
The laboratory reports a positive coliform test that exceeds permissible limits on a bottle of pasteurized milk. What does this indicate?
Improper bactericidal treatment of the equipment
What is the most effective practice for preventing trichinosis in people?
Be sure that pork is thoroughly cooked
An HACCP plan is not required when:
Cooling and reheating TCS foods in bulk
What should not be done with food samples collected during a foodborne illness investigation?
Freeze
What is the primary requirement in designing a food service facility?
Cleanability
What is the most important rule of food storage?
Follow the first in, first out rule
Insecticides/pesticides may be stored in all ways except:
Above the dishwashing sinks
According to the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) how must hazardous household waste be disposed?
Household hazardous waste is exempt from RCRA requirements
Why is it important for a business that generates hazardous waste to deal only with licensed disposal companies that have a good compliance history?
The business is held accountable for where and how the hazardous waste generated is disposed of
Which of the following is not a type of hazardous waste incinerator?
Pressurized
What is the term for a statistical estimate of an oral dose of a chemical that produces a lethal effect on half of an animal population?
. LD50
The dose-response relationship of a toxic substance depends on all of the following except the:
pH of the substance
Which respiratory device provides the best protection?
Positive pressure respirator with a full face piece
The Emergency Planning and Community Right -to-Know-Act (SARA Title III) requires the disclosure of all the following except type and quantities of:
All chemicals routinely discharged into the atmosphere
For first responders at an incident, which one of the following is listed correctly according to order of importance?
Responder safety, public safety, environmental safety, property protection
Which one of the following pesticides can be legally used in the United States by the public?
Diazinon
Many diseases and infestation have common names that can confuse the professional when referred to by lay individuals and often children. The term cooties refers to a/an:
Lice infestation
The energy of ionizing radiation is measured in:
Electron volts (eV)
The term rem is short for:
None of the above
What is the danger and/or hazard posed by an etiological agent?
Human disease
No person should be permitted to work in a trench or pit in sandy clay soil that has unsupported sides or banks higher than:
5 feet
An employer moves employers who have reached the upper permissible level of exposure to a hazardous environment, to prevent further exposure. What type of hazard control is this?
Administrative control
A negative pressure fit test for a protective mask:
Is done by placing both palms against the intake filters
Quantitative risk assessments usually measure human exposure through all of the following except:
Computer models
The most likely cause of photochemical smog is due to:
Heavy motor vehicle traffic
The industries least likely to be a source of sulfur dioxide pollution are:
Hazardous waste incinerators
What is the primary cause of death resulting from automobiles exhaust accumulation in garages?
Carbon monoxide
The most common type of injury in a home is
A fall
A S trap is not considered legal in most state plumbing codes due to which of the following factors?
They are not vented
Which of the following products is not a traditional formaldehyde air pollution source?
Burning vegetation
Long term effects of lead poisoning include:
Learning disabilities
A stud is a unit of building construction that is intended as a:
Vertical support
A joist is used:
As a horizontal support
A footing drain is required to:
Keep a foundation from slipping
The chimney of the house should be a minimum of __ above the highest structure of the home.
Three feet
What is the horizontal part of the stairs you step on called?
Riser
When footers fail this often results in:
Cracked and/or displaced foundations
A plastic ground cover sealed to the foundation should be placed on the found in the crawl space of the home to:
Control moisture in the crawl space
The footing drain is intended to drain water away from the base of the home to
Prevent damage to the footer and foundation
The termite shield is placed between the
Foundation and the sill
The maximum size of a stair riser should be
8’ ¼
The distance between the end of the water supply pipe and the sink should be how many times the diameter of the supply pipe?
2
Biological safety equipment includes
Technical manuals
The addition of sodium bicarbonate will
Raise the pH
The government organization that usually deals with major disasters is the
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
One of the first actions an individual should take upon hearing an order for the evacuation of homes and businesses is turn off the
Public utility services to the building
When temporary shelter is necessary in an emergency, the first consideration in shelter selection should be
Protection of the survivors from health and safety risks
After flooding and other natural disasters, vaccination is needed for
Vaccinations not required
Key components of the HAZWOPER program exclude
Sanitary requirements
The difference between a disaster and terrorism is best described as
Intent
Which of the following would not be as likely to be contracted bathing at a beach?
spinal meningitis
What public health factor is of primary importance in determining the sanitary quality of recreational waters?
coliforms
The causative agent Naegleria fowleri has been linked to which of the following diseases?
primary amoebic meningoencephalitis
Which organism would probably survive in a hot tub?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
A secchi disk is used to determine:
clarity in recreational waters
A chemical used to adjust pool alkalinity is:
sodium bicarbonate (soda ash)
Which pH could cause the least eye irritation?
7.6
What is the primary reason the pH of a pool should stay less than 8?
decreases the amount of active chlorine available
The factor used to determine the bromine residual with the chlorine test kit (DPD):
multiply chlorine residual by 2.25
The chemical quality of a pool is generally measured by which 2 tests?
pH and chlorine residual
Which raises the pH of pool water?
sodium carbonate (soda ash)
What compound is the principal scale former?
calcium carbonate
The preferred treatment for algae control is:
superchlorination (heavy chlorination
The best method to eliminate swimmers itch is:
break the life chain of the schistosome
Which of the following is a method by which recreational waters may be contaminated?
a. infected people, b. surface runoff, c. normal water flora
Swimming pool water that is brownish black in color may be due to:
Mn
The best method to reduce diving accidents is to:
develop diving training and education programs
Muriatic acid is a weak solution of:
hydrochloric acid
In which situation would you most likely find PAM?
geothermal pool
Some studies indicate that swimmers have a higher over-all illness rate than non-swimmers
regardless of bathing water quality
The treatment system of a pool is typically recommended to be installed in which of the following flow arrangements?
Skimmer or gutter line, main drain line, adjustment valves, hair strainer, disinfectant feeder, filter aid pump, filters, disinfectant feeder, ph feeders, adjustment inlets
Swimming pool water clarity is measured in terms of NTU or Nephelotnetric Turbidity Units. It is recommended that a level of 0.5 NTU
shall not be exceeded
A pool filtration system should filter the entire volume of water a minimum of every
6 or 8 hours
The gutters or skimmers should receive a minimum if what percent of the total pool water due to the large quantity of organisms and materials which typically float.
60%
The acidity alkalinity balance affects eye irritation water coagulation and the
effectiveness of chlorine
To mix acid and water, always
add acid to water
When the chlorine is added to water
one acid is formed
Water in wading pools should be completely recirculated every
60 minutes
The preferred method for controlling sewage from watercraft is the use of
on-board holding tanks
The molecular state of hypochlorous acid is the desired product from chlorination of pool waters. The product
is 62 percent molecular at pH of 7.2
The main drain should have a grate that is ___ the area of the discharge pipe to prevent dangerous suction effects.
four times
It is known that some pathogenic organisms will survive from less than __ day(s) in heat to more than __ in freezing moist soil.
1 and 2 years
Primary sedimentation can remove found in soil, water and wastewater.
REF!
Wastewater is the used water from a home or community and the strength is expressed in terms of
REF!
Nutrients associated with eutrophication include
REF!
The favored method disposal of domestic wastewater is
connection to public sewer system
The wastewater from a water closet and latrine or aqua privy flushing is referred to as
black water
The most accurate estimates of sewage flow are based on
annual water-meter readings
Septic tanks serving commercial operations should be inspected for the need for cleaning
twice per year
If a septic tank is pumped in a wet period
the tank may float out of the ground
How often should a septic tank for a private home be serviced?
every 3 to 5 years
Final disposal of sludge may include all of the following except
vegetable dumping
Chemical coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration will remove nearly all bacteria, viruses, protozoa and helminths if supplemented by
chlorination
Why should sewage sludge not be used as a soil builder or fertilizer supplement for crops for forage if it has not been properly tested?
it may result in higher levels of toxic metals in the vegetation and in the animals eating the vegetation
What is the best assurance of satisfactory operation of a properly designed and constructed septic tank system?
proper maintenance
One of the most important factors contributing to disease transmission of microbiological agents is
concentration or dose of microorganisms
A watertight tank designed to slow down the movement of raw sewage and wastes passing through to the soils is known as a
septic tank
Plants absorb certain constituents of wastewater; using wastewater for irrigation of consumable plant products may present a health hazard to humans if the water contains
cadmium
A measure of the relativity constant rate at which clear water, maintained at a relatively constant depth, will seep out of a standard size test hole that has been previously saturated is the
soil percolation test
The ability of a soil to absorb and allow water and air to pass through is related to all of the following except
cation exchange capacity
The most effective method discovered for running a percolation test is
to make tests in holes that have been filled with water overnight
Deep sludge depth, thick fog layer and the appearance of particles of solids in the effluent from a septic tank is an indication of what?
a septic tank in need of cleaning
Sand filters, elevated systems in suitable fill, evapotranspiration absorption systems, evapotranspiration beds, aeration systems, stabilization ponds or lagoons, recirculating toilets and the like, are
sometimes used where soil is unsuitable
By USEPA Standards, the pH of secondary treatment effluent shall be in the range of
6 to 9
Which of the following would be a cause of septic-tank failure?
REF!
Man-made organic compounds that degrade very slowly are referred to as
refractory organics
Sewer gas may contain
REF!
Which of the following is true regarding the use of septic-tank cleaners?
their use is not advised
The NODAK system is designed to
protect ground water
The distance between the field or tiles must be a minimum of __ in a treatment absorption field arrangement.
6 feet
The depth of septic tanks and ratio of width to length recommended by most health departments are very similar.
TRUE
What two factors determine the groundwater contamination potential from a septic tanks?
permeability of septic tank materials and soil characteristics
What two factors determine the groundwater contamination potential from a septic tanks?
permeability of septic tank materials and soil characteristics
What are two factors commonly used to determine soil permeability or ability of the soil to absorb wastewater?
soil perc test and soil characteristics
Which would not be considered suitable for disposal of sewage by subsurface means?
clay
What step listed below must be done in order to obtain reproducible results in the soil perc test?
REF!
Which is correct regarding septic tanks?
they will slow down the flow rate so that solids can be settled out
Detention time for septic tanks should be not less than
24 hours
How often should residential septic tanks be inspected?
annually
Which should not be added to septic tanks?
REF!
Which statement is true in regards to outlets and inlets on distributions boxes in sewage disposal systems?
inlet must be 6 inches higher than outlet
Which of the following is not a factor in the satisfactory operation of a septic tank/sand filter system?
ratio of septic tank size to sand filter size
Which method is most common method of applying wastewater to land?
spray irrigation
Which gas is found in sewers but is not considered explosive?
CO2 (carbon dioxide)
What is considered to be the best single strength measure of wastewater polluted water containing degradable waste?
5-day BOD
Another name for a mature or balanced lake is __
mesotrophic
Name the three zones of stream pollution, in order of normal chain of events.
degradation, decomposition, recovery
decomposition
degradation
What is permissible 8 hour threshold limit value for H2S?
20 ppm
What is the most important step in wastewater operations?
good housekeeping
Which would not be considered domestic sewage?
dairy cattle waste
Of the following, the one classified as a compound is:
ammonia
The scientific name of a certain microorganism is Clostridium perfringens. The second word of this name indicates the:
species
Imhoff tanks used for sewage disposal are primarily dependent upon the action of:
bacterial decomposition
In the environmental planning of a rural subdivision, what basic information would you utilize in determining if both individual water and sewage systems could be placed on each home site?
the size of the lot
Untreated surface disposal of residential sewage is most likely to be a cause of:
hepatitis
The 5-day BOD test should be performed when:
conducting a series of tests to determine the degree of water pollution
The soil profile of a site refers to the:
side view of the face of the soil horizon
BOD is a measure of the biodegradeable organic content of a water sample. It is necessary to dill the bottle completely full and not have any air bubbles in the sample in order to:
prevent additional oxygen from diffusing into the sample
Samples for BOD analysis should be:
refrigerated and analyzed within hours
To prove in court that a septic tank is polluting a stream, the best evidence is to show that:
dye placed in the septic tank appears in the stream
When sewage treatment lagoons are excavated from fractured rock such as slate or shale, there is a danger that if sewage is stored in these lagoons, the sewage may:
flow untreated through the rock fractures and contaminate aquifers
The best single measure of polluted water is:
5 day BOD
A septic tank is used to:
slow down the movement of raw sewage
The principal purpose of a trap used in connection with a plumbing fixture is to:
prevent the entrance of sewer air & foul gases into the house through the fixture
Hydrogen sulfide is fatal at what concentration?
300 ppm
The objective(s) in pest control should be
integrated pest management involving the use of a combination of educational, cultural, biological, physical, chemical and legal measures, as appropriate
Bacteria may be carried in the digestive system of the housefly for as long as
4 weeks
Pediculosis is an infestation of
lice
Wasps are usually attracted to
REF!
