50 - Allergic Rhinitis Flashcards
non-pharms
avoid exposure to triggers, wash bedding, carpets, shower, don’t have pets in the bedroom
Describe topical pharmacological options
- use saline nasal spray to wash out mucus and allergen
- lubricant eye drops or cold compresses can reduce conjunctival symptoms
What symptoms do antihistamines relieve?
relieve most symptoms such as sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal itch and conjunctivitus
not congestion
Which antihistamine may relieve congestion?
desloratidine - may relieve congestion and is indicated for congestion
fexofenadine - may help but it is not indicated for this symptom
Antihistamines are most effective if used ______
prophylactically
*but onset of action is fast enough so they are still effective when used PRN
Of the less-sedating AH’s, which one is more likely to cause some sedation, esp at higher doses?
cetirizine
Decongestants are _____ _____
alpha agonists
_______ (decongestant) effectiveness has not been well established
phenylephrine
Which decongestant is available as a single entity product or in combo with less-sedating AH’s?
pseudoephedrine
Decongestants have _____ side effects
stimulant
Avoid decongestants if taking ____
MAOi
Who should you caution decongestants in?
in those with HTN, hyperthyroidism or ischemic heart disease, though evidence of risk is weak when used at recommended doses
What are topical decongestants?
- oxymetazoline
- xylometazoline
Use of topical decongestants for more than ____ days may result in rebound congestion
3-7
Concomitant use of an intranasal _____ may mitigate rebound congestion
corticosteroid (ex. fluticasone)
