5: Viral infection

Question 1

Viruses are relatively (tiny / huge).

Answer 1

tiny

Question 2

Viruses are made up of RNA, protein spikes and a protein ___.

Answer 2

coat

Question 3

Name some common viruses.

Answer 3

Adenovirus

Herpes simplex virus

Influenza A & B

Rabies virus

Question 4

By which transport process do viruses enter a cell?

Answer 4

Endocytosis

Question 5

By which interaction do viruses attach to a cell membrane?

Answer 5

Ligand-receptor interaction

Question 6

Viruses make use of the host cell’s metabolism to do what?

Answer 6

Synthesis new nucleic acid and protein coats

Question 7

Viruses make use of what to produce new protein coats?

Answer 7

Host ribosomes

Question 8

Though the virus hijacks the host’s metabolism, it still may use some of its own ___ to catalyse reactions.

Answer 8

enzymes

Question 9

Crystals of assembling virus may be visible under a ___ ___.

Answer 9

light microscope

Question 10

Name three ways in which viruses may leave a cell.

Answer 10

Exocytosis

Budding

Lysis

Question 11

Which viral exit method involves the assembled virus “budding” from the cell membrane in a vesicle?

Answer 11

Exocytosis

Question 12

Which viral exit method involves the rupturing of the host cell membrane to let loose all of the newly assembled viruses?

Answer 12

Lysis

Question 13

Are antibiotics effective against viruses?

Answer 13

No

Question 14

What are antibiotics used to target?

Answer 14

Bacteria

Question 15

Give some examples of viral enzymes which may be targeted by antiviral drugs.

Answer 15

Viral DNA/RNA polymerases

Integrase

Protease

Question 16

Antiviral drugs target specific viral ___ or stages in the viral ___.

Answer 16

enzymes , lifecycle

Question 17

What is an antiviral drug used to treat flu?

Answer 17

Zanamivir

Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)

Question 18

Generally, the progression of viral infection is cell ___ or cell ___.

Answer 18

proliferation , death

Question 19

Which immune cell is tasked with killing virally infected cells?

Answer 19

Cytotoxic T cells

Question 20

Cell proliferation caused by viral infection may cause ___.

Answer 20

cancer

Question 21

Name a virus which may cause cervical cancer.

Answer 21

Human papilloma virus (HPV)

Question 22

Name a virus which may cause renal carcinoma.

Answer 22

Hepatitis B / C

Question 23

Name a virus which may cause lymphoma / leukaemia.

Answer 23

Epstein Barr virus

Question 24

Viruses are neutralised by ___.

Which ones in particular?

Answer 24

antibodies

IgG and IgM

Question 25

What is the name given to a virus' ability to lay dormant within a cell?

Answer 25

**Latency**

Question 26

Latent cells may \_\_\_.

Answer 26

**reactivate**

Question 27

Give two examples of latent viruses which may **reactivate** later in life.

Answer 27

**Varicella-zoster** **virus** (chicken pox) ## Footnote **Herpes simplex virus**

Question 28

Instead of becoming dormant, some viruses remain continually active for years. Name two viruses which exhibit this behaviour.

Answer 28

**HIV** **Hepatitis C** virus

Question 30

Patients with chronic viral infection (e.g HIV) may be \_\_\_.

Answer 30

**asymptomatic**

Question 31

What techniques can be used to detect viruses?

Answer 31

**PCR** **Antigen detection**