5: Viral infection Flashcards
Viruses are relatively (tiny / huge).
tiny
Viruses are made up of RNA, protein spikes and a protein ___.
coat
Name some common viruses.
Adenovirus
Herpes simplex virus
Influenza A & B
Rabies virus
By which transport process do viruses enter a cell?
Endocytosis
By which interaction do viruses attach to a cell membrane?
Ligand-receptor interaction
Viruses make use of the host cell’s metabolism to do what?
Synthesis new nucleic acid and protein coats
Viruses make use of what to produce new protein coats?
Host ribosomes
Though the virus hijacks the host’s metabolism, it still may use some of its own ___ to catalyse reactions.
enzymes
Crystals of assembling virus may be visible under a ___ ___.
light microscope
Name three ways in which viruses may leave a cell.
Exocytosis
Budding
Lysis
Which viral exit method involves the assembled virus “budding” from the cell membrane in a vesicle?
Exocytosis
Which viral exit method involves the rupturing of the host cell membrane to let loose all of the newly assembled viruses?
Lysis
Are antibiotics effective against viruses?
No
What are antibiotics used to target?
Bacteria
Give some examples of viral enzymes which may be targeted by antiviral drugs.
Viral DNA/RNA polymerases
Integrase
Protease
Antiviral drugs target specific viral ___ or stages in the viral ___.
enzymes , lifecycle
What is an antiviral drug used to treat flu?
Zanamivir
Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
Generally, the progression of viral infection is cell ___ or cell ___.
proliferation , death
Which immune cell is tasked with killing virally infected cells?
Cytotoxic T cells
Cell proliferation caused by viral infection may cause ___.
cancer
Name a virus which may cause cervical cancer.
Human papilloma virus (HPV)
Name a virus which may cause renal carcinoma.
Hepatitis B / C
Name a virus which may cause lymphoma / leukaemia.
Epstein Barr virus
Viruses are neutralised by ___.
Which ones in particular?
antibodies
IgG and IgM
What is the name given to a virus’ ability to lay dormant within a cell?
Latency
Latent cells may ___.
reactivate
Give two examples of latent viruses which may reactivate later in life.
Varicella-zoster virus (chicken pox)
Herpes simplex virus
Instead of becoming dormant, some viruses remain continually active for years. Name two viruses which exhibit this behaviour.
HIV
Hepatitis C virus
Patients with chronic viral infection (e.g HIV) may be ___.
asymptomatic
What techniques can be used to detect viruses?
PCR
Antigen detection
