5) UNIT 2 - Motivation and Leadership

Question 1

name and describe the 2 types of motivation

Answer 1

intrinsic:
•motivating a person from their inner self
•psychological rewards such as positive recognition and personal goals

extrinsic:
•giving people rewards for their performance

Question 2

List the ways people can be motivated

Answer 2

• financial
• non-financial
• additional benefits

Question 3

name and describe 4 types of financial motivation

Answer 3

SALARY:
•employees get a set pay for completing their work
•can increase their salary by overtime
•motivator as it is what people need for survival

BONUS:
•employees may be set targets and if they reach them will get a bonus (extra money)
•encourages employees to work at their best performance
•e.g car sales man gets bonus if they double the amount of cars sold from last year

COMMISSION:
•employees are paid depending on how may of a product they sell
•motivates employees to work at their best performance to sell more products and earn money

OVERTIME:
•employees are paid at a higher rate when they work longer than their contractual hours

Question 4

name and describe 3 non-financial motivators

Answer 4

PART OF A TEAM:
•might be motivated to work where they feel accepted and feel belonging

JOB SATISFACTION:
•motivated to work where they feel as though they are achieving something and are happy in their job
e.g job security

‘TO MAKE A DIFFERENCE’
•feeling of making a contribution to society
•e.g. doctor, highly motivated because they are having a positive impact on people’s lives

Question 5

name and describe 2 additional benefits that can motivate enployees

Answer 5

FREE HEALTH CARE:
•motivate employees as it takes off their financial responsibility of paying health care

FLEXIBLE WORKING HOURS:
•may motivate employees as they will be happier at their job as they can have a work life balance too

Question 6

list 3 motivation theories

Answer 6

• maslows
• herzbergs
• mcgregors

Question 7

list the 5 tiers of maslows theory from bottom to top

Answer 7

survival
security/safety
love/belonging
esteem
self-actualization

Question 8

describe the 5 teirs of maslows theory

Answer 8

survival:
•people need to be able to meet their basic needs such as food water and shelter with their basic salary

security:
•people want to feel safe/secure from harm so need a sens of job security e.g. permanent contracts

love:
•people need to feel as though they belong in part of team and are accepted
•managers should encourage team work and social interaction

esteem:
•need to feel as though they are appreciated
•managers should implement this through rewards, encouragement

self-actualization:
•feel as though they are achieving all their goals in their job
•managers should help staff set and reach their own personal goals

Question 9

what are the two main areas of hertzbergs theory

Answer 9

hygiene and motivator factors

Question 10

what is a hygiene factor

Answer 10

things an organisation should provide to keep workers content

Question 11

give examples of hygiene factors

Answer 11

• security
• relationship with collegues
• working conditions (quiet, clean, safe)
• salary
• work life balance

Question 12

what is a motivating factor

Answer 12

things that encourage employees to work at their best performance

Question 13

give examples of motivating factors

Answer 13

• achievement
• recognition
• responsibility
• promotion
• personal growth

Question 14

what does each factor result in:

• hygiene
• motivating

Answer 14

hygiene: general satisfaction
motivating: high motivation, high satisfaction, strong commitment

Question 15

what was mcgregors motivation theory

Answer 15

he believed there are 2 types of managers that motivate employees in different ways

Question 16

what did manager x believe

Answer 16

• workers are only motivated by money
• workers are lazy, selfish, lack ambition and dislike work
• workers need to be controlled and coerced by managers

Question 17

what did manager y believe

Answer 17

• workers are motivated by many needs
• workers can take pride and responsibility in doing a good job
• management should trust employees and help them do their best

Question 18

describe 3 problems with motivation theories

Answer 18

• some theories contradict each other
• many theories developed long time ago where working conditions and relation between worker and managers were very different to what they are now
• everyone is different so no theory is likely to motivate every employee

Question 19

what is leadership

Answer 19

the way in which managers and directors get people to follow or do things willingly

Question 20

list the 3 types of leadership

Answer 20

• autocratic
• democratic
• laissez-faire

Question 21

describe and give an 2 advantages and disadvantages of:

autocratic leadership

Answer 21

make decisions without consulting their team members

ADV:
•making quick decisions
•when there is no need for team input as there would be a successful outcome either way

DISAD:
•demoralizing
•high absenteeism and staff turnover

Question 22

describe and give an advantage and a disadvantage of:

democratic leadership

Answer 22

make the final decision but include team members in the decision making process

ADV:
•encourages creativity and high engagement - as a result employees have high job satisfaction and productivity

DISAD:
•not useful for quick decision making

Question 23

Describe and give an advantage and disadvantage of:

laissez-faire leadership

Answer 23

• give their members a lot of freedom in tasks and deadlines.
• although support and resources are provided most responsibility is given to employee

ADV:
high job satisfaction

DISAD:
•damaging if team member cannot manage their time and tasks well. - lacks self motivation to do their work effectively