5) UNIT 2 - Motivation and Leadership Flashcards
name and describe the 2 types of motivation
intrinsic:
•motivating a person from their inner self
•psychological rewards such as positive recognition and personal goals
extrinsic:
•giving people rewards for their performance
List the ways people can be motivated
- financial
- non-financial
- additional benefits
name and describe 4 types of financial motivation
SALARY:
•employees get a set pay for completing their work
•can increase their salary by overtime
•motivator as it is what people need for survival
BONUS:
•employees may be set targets and if they reach them will get a bonus (extra money)
•encourages employees to work at their best performance
•e.g car sales man gets bonus if they double the amount of cars sold from last year
COMMISSION:
•employees are paid depending on how may of a product they sell
•motivates employees to work at their best performance to sell more products and earn money
OVERTIME:
•employees are paid at a higher rate when they work longer than their contractual hours
name and describe 3 non-financial motivators
PART OF A TEAM:
•might be motivated to work where they feel accepted and feel belonging
JOB SATISFACTION:
•motivated to work where they feel as though they are achieving something and are happy in their job
e.g job security
‘TO MAKE A DIFFERENCE’
•feeling of making a contribution to society
•e.g. doctor, highly motivated because they are having a positive impact on people’s lives
name and describe 2 additional benefits that can motivate enployees
FREE HEALTH CARE:
•motivate employees as it takes off their financial responsibility of paying health care
FLEXIBLE WORKING HOURS:
•may motivate employees as they will be happier at their job as they can have a work life balance too
list 3 motivation theories
- maslows
- herzbergs
- mcgregors
list the 5 tiers of maslows theory from bottom to top
survival security/safety love/belonging esteem self-actualization
describe the 5 teirs of maslows theory
survival:
•people need to be able to meet their basic needs such as food water and shelter with their basic salary
security:
•people want to feel safe/secure from harm so need a sens of job security e.g. permanent contracts
love:
•people need to feel as though they belong in part of team and are accepted
•managers should encourage team work and social interaction
esteem:
•need to feel as though they are appreciated
•managers should implement this through rewards, encouragement
self-actualization:
•feel as though they are achieving all their goals in their job
•managers should help staff set and reach their own personal goals
what are the two main areas of hertzbergs theory
hygiene and motivator factors
what is a hygiene factor
things an organisation should provide to keep workers content
give examples of hygiene factors
- security
- relationship with collegues
- working conditions (quiet, clean, safe)
- salary
- work life balance
what is a motivating factor
things that encourage employees to work at their best performance
give examples of motivating factors
- achievement
- recognition
- responsibility
- promotion
- personal growth
what does each factor result in:
- hygiene
- motivating
hygiene: general satisfaction
motivating: high motivation, high satisfaction, strong commitment
what was mcgregors motivation theory
he believed there are 2 types of managers that motivate employees in different ways
what did manager x believe
- workers are only motivated by money
- workers are lazy, selfish, lack ambition and dislike work
- workers need to be controlled and coerced by managers
what did manager y believe
- workers are motivated by many needs
- workers can take pride and responsibility in doing a good job
- management should trust employees and help them do their best
describe 3 problems with motivation theories
- some theories contradict each other
- many theories developed long time ago where working conditions and relation between worker and managers were very different to what they are now
- everyone is different so no theory is likely to motivate every employee
what is leadership
the way in which managers and directors get people to follow or do things willingly
list the 3 types of leadership
- autocratic
- democratic
- laissez-faire
describe and give an 2 advantages and disadvantages of:
autocratic leadership
make decisions without consulting their team members
ADV:
•making quick decisions
•when there is no need for team input as there would be a successful outcome either way
DISAD:
•demoralizing
•high absenteeism and staff turnover
describe and give an advantage and a disadvantage of:
democratic leadership
make the final decision but include team members in the decision making process
ADV:
•encourages creativity and high engagement - as a result employees have high job satisfaction and productivity
DISAD:
•not useful for quick decision making
Describe and give an advantage and disadvantage of:
laissez-faire leadership
- give their members a lot of freedom in tasks and deadlines.
- although support and resources are provided most responsibility is given to employee
ADV:
high job satisfaction
DISAD:
•damaging if team member cannot manage their time and tasks well. - lacks self motivation to do their work effectively