5. Transcription

Question 0

which RNA is most highly regulated

Answer 0

mRNA

Question 1

differences between DNA pol and RNA pol?

Answer 1

DNA pol requires primer
RNA pol does not require primer

New DNA remains hybridized to DNA templated–forming semiconservatie double stranded
New RNA does not remain hybridized (single strand)

DNA is relatively permanent
RNA has short half life

RNA production is less accurate (because not as serious if mistakes made)

different structures

Question 2

which RNA codes for proteins

Answer 2

mRNA

Question 3

which RNA synthesizes proteins

Answer 3

rRNA, tRNA

Question 4

which RNA aids in splicing

Answer 4

snRNA

Question 5

which RNA processes proteins

Answer 5

snRNA, snoRNA

Question 6

direction RNA pol travels down template strand?

Answer 6

3’ to 5’

Question 7

direction RNA pol travels down non-template/sense/coding strand?

Answer 7

5’ to 3’

Question 8

how do you recognize the template strand?

Answer 8

it’s the strand upon which transcription occurs

Question 9

the further downstream RNA pol travels?

Answer 9

the longer the RNA becomes

the longer transcripts are in the direction RNA pol is traveling

Question 10

which eukaryotic RNA pol mostly transcribes rRNAs?

Answer 10

I

Question 11

which RNA is most heavily transcribed and represented in the cytoplasm

Answer 11

rRNA

Question 12

which eukaryotic RNA pol is most highly regulated?

Answer 12

II

Question 13

which eukaryotic RNA pol transcribes rRNA subunits, most tRNAs, and snRNAs?

Answer 13

III

Question 14

which eukaryotic RNA pol transcribes mRNA?

Answer 14

II

Question 15

which RNA pol requires only a single protein for initiation, and what is that protein?

Answer 15

bacterial, sigma factor

Question 16

the promoter

Answer 16

consists of dsDNA
5’ flanks (upstreams) the coding region
contains conserved sequences that proteins bind

Question 17

functions of promoter

Answer 17

dictates directionality
featured in core promoter (TATA, B response element, CCAAT box)

regulation

Question 18

transcription unit contains?

Answer 18

DNA binding domain (probs)

transactivation domain (definitely)

Question 19

TFIID

Answer 19

binds to directionality core promoter sequences, largest of the TFs

Question 20

TBP

Answer 20

part of TFIID, recognizes TATA box

Question 21

interactions between TFs

Answer 21

TFs overlap 5’ flanking region, initiation site, and some sites downstream of initiation site

create an environment RNA polymerase can bind to

Question 22

RNA polymerase domains: CTD

Answer 22

C-terminus domain

binding site for accessory proteins to generate mRNA

Question 23

when CTD is phosphorylated?

Answer 23

releases transcription factors so RNA polymerase can take off downstream on DNA< transcribing the template stand as it goes

Question 24

RNA pol II

Answer 24

functions as "RNA factory" carries functionsal proteins that contibute to generation of mRNA has capping factors, splicing factors, end processing proteins (CPSF & CstF)

Question 25

elongation: superhelical tension/supercoiling

Answer 25

as we unwind DNA, we induce helical turns, resulting in negative supercoiling upstream & pos supercoiling downstream ultimately facilitates strand separation

Question 26

eukaryotic mRNA contains?

Answer 26

introns & exons 5'cap & poly-A tail

Question 27

5' cap

Answer 27

aids mRNA nuclear export protects from 5' to 3' exonuclease degradation in cytoplasm targets transcripts to ribosome for translation

Question 28

poly-A tail

Answer 28

participates in termination of transcription aids mRNA nuclear export protects from 3' to 5' exonuclease degradation in cytoplasm targets transcripts to ribosome for translation

Question 29

splicing

Answer 29

removing introns, joining exons

Question 30

splicesosome

Answer 30

complex of snRNA's and proteins that bind to intron/exon sites & create Lariat structures (loops) and intron removal

Question 31

alternative splicing

Answer 31

every gene can have multiple transcripts

Question 32

exon definition

Answer 32

exon sizes fairly uniform, relatively short compared to introns

Question 33

termination

Answer 33

consensus nucleotide sequences that direct clevage and polyadenylation to form the 3' end of a eukaryotic mRNA

Question 34

transcription won't begin until?

Answer 34

poly a tail binds to 5' cap

Question 35

purpose of poly A tail?

Answer 35

lengthens half life of mRNA, makes it more likely to be translated

Question 36

purpose of 5' cap?

Answer 36

keeps mRNA "alive"