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Genetics > 5. Transcription > Flashcards

5. Transcription Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

which RNA is most highly regulated

A

mRNA

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1
Q

differences between DNA pol and RNA pol?

A

DNA pol requires primer
RNA pol does not require primer

New DNA remains hybridized to DNA templated–forming semiconservatie double stranded
New RNA does not remain hybridized (single strand)

DNA is relatively permanent
RNA has short half life

RNA production is less accurate (because not as serious if mistakes made)

different structures

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2
Q

which RNA codes for proteins

A

mRNA

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3
Q

which RNA synthesizes proteins

A

rRNA, tRNA

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4
Q

which RNA aids in splicing

A

snRNA

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5
Q

which RNA processes proteins

A

snRNA, snoRNA

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6
Q

direction RNA pol travels down template strand?

A

3’ to 5’

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7
Q

direction RNA pol travels down non-template/sense/coding strand?

A

5’ to 3’

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8
Q

how do you recognize the template strand?

A

it’s the strand upon which transcription occurs

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9
Q

the further downstream RNA pol travels?

A

the longer the RNA becomes

the longer transcripts are in the direction RNA pol is traveling

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10
Q

which eukaryotic RNA pol mostly transcribes rRNAs?

A

I

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11
Q

which RNA is most heavily transcribed and represented in the cytoplasm

A

rRNA

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12
Q

which eukaryotic RNA pol is most highly regulated?

A

II

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13
Q

which eukaryotic RNA pol transcribes rRNA subunits, most tRNAs, and snRNAs?

A

III

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14
Q

which eukaryotic RNA pol transcribes mRNA?

A

II

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15
Q

which RNA pol requires only a single protein for initiation, and what is that protein?

A

bacterial, sigma factor

16
Q

the promoter

A

consists of dsDNA
5’ flanks (upstreams) the coding region
contains conserved sequences that proteins bind

17
Q

functions of promoter

A

dictates directionality
featured in core promoter (TATA, B response element, CCAAT box)

regulation

18
Q

transcription unit contains?

A

DNA binding domain (probs)

transactivation domain (definitely)

19
Q

TFIID

A

binds to directionality core promoter sequences, largest of the TFs

20
Q

TBP

A

part of TFIID, recognizes TATA box

21
Q

interactions between TFs

A

TFs overlap 5’ flanking region, initiation site, and some sites downstream of initiation site

create an environment RNA polymerase can bind to

22
Q

RNA polymerase domains: CTD

A

C-terminus domain

binding site for accessory proteins to generate mRNA

23
Q

when CTD is phosphorylated?

A

releases transcription factors so RNA polymerase can take off downstream on DNA< transcribing the template stand as it goes

24
Q

RNA pol II

A

functions as “RNA factory”

carries functionsal proteins that contibute to generation of mRNA

has capping factors, splicing factors, end processing proteins (CPSF & CstF)

25
Q

elongation: superhelical tension/supercoiling

A

as we unwind DNA, we induce helical turns, resulting in negative supercoiling upstream & pos supercoiling downstream

ultimately facilitates strand separation

26
Q

eukaryotic mRNA contains?

A

introns & exons

5’cap & poly-A tail

27
Q

5’ cap

A

aids mRNA nuclear export
protects from 5’ to 3’ exonuclease degradation in cytoplasm
targets transcripts to ribosome for translation

28
Q

poly-A tail

A

participates in termination of transcription

aids mRNA nuclear export

protects from 3’ to 5’ exonuclease degradation in cytoplasm

targets transcripts to ribosome for translation

29
Q

splicing

A

removing introns, joining exons

30
Q

splicesosome

A

complex of snRNA’s and proteins that bind to intron/exon sites & create Lariat structures (loops) and intron removal

31
Q

alternative splicing

A

every gene can have multiple transcripts

32
Q

exon definition

A

exon sizes fairly uniform, relatively short compared to introns

33
Q

termination

A

consensus nucleotide sequences that direct clevage and polyadenylation to form the 3’ end of a eukaryotic mRNA

34
Q

transcription won’t begin until?

A

poly a tail binds to 5’ cap

35
Q

purpose of poly A tail?

A

lengthens half life of mRNA, makes it more likely to be translated

36
Q

purpose of 5’ cap?

A

keeps mRNA “alive”

Genetics (42 decks)

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