5. The Reformation In Great Britain

Question 0

Who were the six wives of king Henry VIII?

Answer 0

1. Catherine of Aragon: annulled
2. Anne Boleyn: executed for treason and adultery
3. Jane Seymour: died in 1537 after giving birth to Edward VI
4. Anne of Cleve’s: parliament later annulled their marriage
5. Catherine Howard: beheaded for adultery in 1542
6. Catherine Parr: survived him

Question 1

Discuss the English reformation?

Answer 1

• marriage to Catherine of Aragon
  
  • produced no male heir to the throne.
• dispensation from pope Julius II
  
  • king Henry had betrothed Catherine to Henry after Arthur’s death to retain the English alliance of Spain.
• kings affair
  
  • Henry was enamored of Anne of Boleyn, one of Catherine’s ladies in waiting.
  • determined to out queen aside and marrying Anne, but church would not allow this without a papal annulment.
• pope clement VIII
  
  • clement was afraid of alienating Charles V proposed several possible compromises
  • Henry determined that the legitimacy of his heir could not be questioned
  • for this, he needed a legal annulment and a legal wife.
  • when the kings advisers failed to obtain a papal annulment, they conceived a plan to declare the king supreme in English spiritual affairs as he was in temporal affairs
  • in 1529, parliament convened for what would be a 7 year session that earned it the title the “reformation parliament”
  • during this period, it passed a flood of legislation that harassed and finally placed royal reigns on the clergy: whenever fundamental changed are made in religion the monarch must consult with and work through parliament.
• 1531: the convocation publicly recognized Henry as head of the church in England.
  
  • 1532: parliament published official grievances against the church
  • same year parliament passed the submission of the clergy, placing the clergy under royal jurisdiction.
• 1533: Henry secretly we’d Anne Boleyn
• 1534: parliament ended all payments the English clergy and laity to Rome and gave Henry sole jurisdiction over high ecclesiastical appointments.

Question 2

Discuss Protestantism under king Henry VIII?

Answer 2

Conservative. Henry remained conservative in his religious beliefs., making only mild concessions to protestant tenets, otherwise maintaining catholic doctrine in a country filled with protestant sentiments.

Question 3

Who was Edward VI?

Answer 3

Son of king Henry and Jane Seymour.

Educated under Thomas Cranmer

Helped secure protestant doctrine in England.

Lasted only 6 years and died at age 16

Question 4

Who was Mary I?

Answer 4

In 1553, Mary I,the daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine succeeded Edward to the throne

She was a Roman Catholic who hated Protestantism and committed to restoring Catholicism in England.

Imprisoned and persecuted reformers. Cranmer recanted but retracted and burned.

1554: England returned obedience to the pope

Question 5

Who was Elizabeth I?

Answer 5

Daughter of Henry and Anne Boleyn, became queen when her half sister Mary died in 1558.

Eventually a lasting religious settlement was worked out in England. Elizabeth merged a centralized episcopal system, which she firmly controlled with broadly defined protestant doctrine and traditional catholic ritual.

Question 6

What happened in 1563?

Answer 6

The issuance of the 39 articles of religion, made a moderate Protestantism the official religion within the Church of England.

Question 7

Who was John Knox?

Answer 7

• introduced the reform church to Scotland
• wrote scots confession
• reformer who helped found the Presbyterian faith

Question 8

Discuss the Scottish reformation?

Answer 8

Political setting

• 1558: Elizabeth I came to the English throne
• Mary, queen of Scott’s recently named queen of France
• she claimed to be the rightful heir to the English throne

Mary and Elizabeth

• Mary of guise, mother of and regent for Mary Stuart- strong pro catholic policies
• French/Catholics were planning to use Scotland as a base to invade England.
• Protestants in Scotland aided Elizabeth in keeping Mary from taking the throne
• Elizabeth rewarded Protestants for their efforts

Mary Stuart

• married Francis II of France
• France claimed Scotland as French territory.
• Mary claimed England

Reform Church of Scotland
- began in 1560
- abolished papal rule in Scotland
- forbade celebration of mass
Wrote two disciplines
1. Teaching that baptism and lords supper could be administers where the word of god is preached.

Question 9

The true church had 3 distinct marks, what were they?

Answer 9

True preaching of the word
Church discipline to be administered according to the bible
Correct administration of the sacraments of Christ.