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Computing COMP2 > 5. Structure of the Internet > Flashcards

5. Structure of the Internet Flashcards

1
Q

Define World Wide Web

A

A system of interlinked Hypertext Documents accessed vie the Internet

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2
Q

Define Gateway

A

Connects networks that use different Link Layer Protocols

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3
Q

Define Router

A

A device that interconnects with 2 or more computer networks which interchange packets

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4
Q

Define Intranet

A

A private computer network that uses Internet protocols to securely share information

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5
Q

Explain Packet Switching

A
  1. Data is split into packets. This has from/to address and payload. Order of Packets noted for larger bits of data
  2. Packets are sent onto the network, moving from router to router allowing different packets to take different routes
  3. Once Packets arrived, they are reordered. Confirmation sent back
  4. If host doesn’t get confirmation, packets are resent
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6
Q

Advantages of packet switching

A

Data can easily be resent if it arrives incorrectly
Data can be re-routed around any problems
Allows the Internet to grow easliy
Simplifies the routers and the Internet

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7
Q

Define IP address

A

Unique numerical label assigned to every computer or electronic device on a network

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8
Q

Define IPv4

A

Current IP standard. Uses 32 bits so there are 2^32 possible addresses (around 4 million)

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9
Q

Define IPv6

A

New IP standard. Uses 128 Bits so 2^128 possible addresses

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10
Q

Explain the 2 parts of the IP address

A

Example: 192.168.0.32

  1. 168 : Network ID
  2. 32 : Host ID
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11
Q

Define Domain Name

A

A name that identifies 1 or more IP addresses

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12
Q

Define FQDN

A

Fully Qualified Domain Name

Must have Host ID and Domain Name

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13
Q

Define DNS Server

A

A server that translates FQDN into IP addresses

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14
Q

What is the first level of Domain Names

A

Root level. Contains international and generic labels

Com, UK, org, net etc…

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15
Q

Define URL

A

Uniform Resource Locator

A character string referring to the location of an Internet resource

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16
Q

Define URI

A

Uniform Resource Identifier.

Specifies how to access a resource in the Internet

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17
Q

Define the parts of this FQDN:

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/picture.jpg

A

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/picture.jpg

Http:// : Protocol
commons : Host
wikimedia : Domain Name
.org : Top Level Domain
/picture.jpg : location on server
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18
Q

Define Server

A

A software process that provides a service requested by a client

19
Q

Examples of Server Software

A

Printing , File Sharing, Accessing Webpages

20
Q

Define Client

A

Software process that accesses a service made available by the server

21
Q

Explain the Client Server Model

A
  1. Client sends a request to the server (Example: for a Webpage)
  2. The server fetches the page (from Secondary Storage)
  3. The server sends the data back to the Client
22
Q

Define Protocol

A

A set of agreed Signals, Codes and Rules that allow data communication between devices.

23
Q

Define Port

A

An address for a software process

24
Q

Define Socket

A

A combination of Host IP address and port number

25
Q

Define Protocol Stack

A

A collection of Protocol layers.

Each Layer is responsible for part of the process governed by the stack

26
Q

Define Packet Sniffing

A

Using Router to read the contents of packets being sent

27
Q

Define FTP

A

File Transfer Protocol
Application layer protocol that sends data. Can be private and anonymous.
Uses Port 20 for Data and Port 21 for Commands

28
Q

Define HTTP

A

Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
Allows for transmission of Hypertext Documents.
Uses Ports 80 and 8080

29
Q

Define Telnet

A

Text based Protocol between server and remote client

Uses Port 23

30
Q

Define SMTP

A

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol.
Used for sending email
Port 25

31
Q

Define POP3

A

Post Office Protocol 3
Used for receiving Email
Port 110

32
Q

Define HTTPS

A

Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure.
Uses Secure Sockets Label
Port 443

33
Q

Define MAC Adress

A

Unique identifier assigned for Network Connections.

Embedded into every Network Interface Card during production

34
Q

What are the 4 Layers of the TCP/IP Stack

A
  1. Application Layer
  2. Transport Layer
  3. Network / Internet Layer
  4. Link Layer
35
Q

Explain Layer 1 of the TCP/ IP Stack

A

Application Layer.
Handles the Data being sent. Uses the correct protocol for whatever is being sent.
Uses HTTP, FTP etc…

36
Q

Explain Layer 2 of the TCP/ IP Stack

A

Transport Layer.

Splits the data into packets to be sent. Adds the number order. Adds the Port Number (protocol)

37
Q

Explain Layer 2 of the TCP/ IP Stack

A

Network / Internet Layer

Adds the To and From IP addresses. Combined with the Port a number, this creates the Socket

38
Q

Explain Layer 4 of the TCP/ IP Stack

A

Link Layer.
Handles the Physical details. Adds the MAC Addresses of the sender and recipient. This specifies the hardware devices to use

39
Q

Define Bidirectional

A

Data passes both ways at the same time

40
Q

Define Client Port Numbers

A

Temporary Port Numbers used by client processes.

They lie in the range 1024 - 4095

41
Q

Define Well Known Port Numbers

A

Universally known port numbers used by servers.

They lie in the range 0 to 1023

42
Q

Explain the HTTP Get process

A
  1. Accepts a URI from the user, gets the FQDN and uses DNS server to get the correct IP address
  2. Sends a GET request to the IP address on Port 80 unless another is specified
  3. File is sent back, where is is displayed in the users web browser.
  4. If the file contains other URIs, such as a reference to a graphic, anther GET request is sent for that.
43
Q

Define Internet

A

A global system of computer networks that use the standard Internet Protocol suite TCP/IP

Computing COMP2 (7 decks)

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