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Computing COMP2 > 1. Fundamentals Of Computer Systems > Flashcards

1. Fundamentals Of Computer Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Define: software

A

Computer programs and related data that provide the instructions for telling computer hardware what to do and how to do it

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2
Q

Define: system software

A

Software designed to operate the computer hardware and to provide a platform for running application software

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3
Q

Define: hardware

A

Physical components that make up a computer system

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4
Q

System software types

A

Operating systems
Library programs
Utility programs
Programming language translators

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5
Q

Define: operating systems

A

Provide an interface between the computer and user
Manages devices/files / memory
Provides a virtual machine
Provides a software platform on which other programs can run
Hides op the complexity of the hardware from the user

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6
Q

Define: library programs

A

A collection of compiled routines that other programs can use

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7
Q

Define: utility programs

A

Programs that perform a very specific task related to working with computers

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8
Q

What are the programming language translators

A

Assembler
Compiler
Interpreter

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9
Q

Define: assembler

A

Translates assembly language programs into machine code

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10
Q

Define:compiler

A

Translates high level language (source code) into object code

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11
Q

Define: interpreter

A

Analyses and executes a high level language program one line at a time

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12
Q

Advantages of compiler

A

Produces an executable file
Source code secure as it is no longer needed
Quick to run as its already translated
Distributed easily

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13
Q

Disadvantages of compiler

A

Source code must be 100% correct as errors can’t be changed
May not work on all types of computer
Compiling could take a long time depending on the size of the program

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14
Q

Advantages of interpreter

A

Can be executed immediately

Useful for debugging programs

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15
Q

Disadvantages of interpreters

A

Execution will be slower than compiled code
Has to be interpreted every time it is run
Source code not secure

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16
Q

Define: application software

A

Software designed to help the user perform specific tasks

17
Q

Examples of operating systems

A

Windows OS, iOS, Andriod, OS X, Linux, Ubuntu

18
Q

Examples of library programs

A

Print routine, runtime library

19
Q

Example of utility programs

A

Disk formatter, disk defragmenter, disk cleaner, file compressed, firewall

20
Q

Types of application software

A

General purpose application software
Special purpose application software
Bespoke application software

21
Q

Examples of general application software

A

Word processor, spreadsheet software, database software, presentation software

22
Q

Examples of special purpose application software

A

Payroll calculator, tax calculator, web browser

23
Q

Define: general purpose application software

A

Generic software that can be bought to perform many tasks

24
Q

Define: special purpose application software

A

Software created to perform 1 specific task.

25
Q

Define: bespoke application software

A

Software tailor made for 1 specific purpose unique to the customer. Usually expensive as has to be written speifically

26
Q

Examples of bespoke application software

A

Military software, hospital software,

27
Q

Advantage of general application software

A

Cheap, can perform many tasks, lots of support from other users, readily available, probably contains less bugs

28
Q

What is first generation programming

A

Machine code

Binary

29
Q

Functions of machine code

A

Fast and efficient
Can make use of specific processor features such as special registers

Code can’t be ported to other operating systems
Code is difficult to edit and update

30
Q

What is second generation programming

A

Assembly language

31
Q

Functions of assembly code

A

Mnemonic code direct version of machine code.
Fast and efficient
Can make use of special processor features such as special registers

Code cannot be ported to other systems and has to be re written

32
Q

What is third generation programming

A

Imperative high level language

33
Q

Define: imperative language

A

Code is executed line by line, in s programmer defined sequence

34
Q

Define: fourth generation programming language

A

Declarative programming - define what to do rather than how to do it.

35
Q

Define: declarative language

A

Describe what computation should be performed, and not how to perform it

36
Q

Functions of an assembler

A

Fast to translate assembly language to machine code as relationship is 1 to 1
Assembly code is efficient and fast because it is low level language
Assembly code is fairly easy to understand
Written for a certain instruction set and processor / hardware
Too simple for some tasks.

37
Q

Functions of a compiler

A

High level to low level as an executable file
Source code secure - not included
Faster than interpreter
Object code needs to be perfect as can’t be edited or fixed

38
Q

Functions of an interpreter

A

Used for debugging, creating multi platform code, prototyping

Source code required, slower due to translating line by line

Computing COMP2 (7 decks)

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