5. Structural Geology, Tectonics, and Seismology Flashcards
What is the difference between a fault and a fold?
A fault is a break in rock with movement; a fold is a bend in rock layers.
What type of stress causes normal faults?
Tensional stress.
What are the three main types of plate boundaries?
Divergent, Convergent, and Transform.
What is the focus of an earthquake?
The point within the Earth where the earthquake originates.
What is the Richter scale?
A logarithmic scale that measures earthquake magnitude.
What type of seismic wave is the fastest?
P-waves (Primary waves).
What is the term for an upward-arching fold?
Anticline.
What is an orogeny?
A mountain-building event caused by tectonic forces.
What is liquefaction?
The process where saturated soil loses strength during an earthquake.
What is the main driving force of plate tectonics?
Mantle convection.
