2. Mineralogy & Petrology

Question 1

What is the most common mineral in Earth’s crust?

Answer 1

Feldspar

Question 2

What mineral has a hardness of 10 on the Mohs scale?

Answer 2

Diamond

Question 3

What are the three major types of rocks?

Answer 3

Igneous, Sedimentary, Metamorphic

Question 4

Which mineral reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce fizzing?

Answer 4

Calcite (CaCO₃)

Question 5

What is the difference between mafic and felsic rocks?

Answer 5

Mafic rocks are rich in magnesium & iron; felsic rocks are rich in silica & aluminum.

Question 6

What igneous rock has a glassy texture and forms from rapid cooling?

Answer 6

Obsidian

Question 7

What is the parent rock of marble?

Answer 7

Limestone

Question 8

What are the two main types of igneous rocks based on formation?

Answer 8

Intrusive (plutonic) and Extrusive (volcanic)

Question 9

What is foliation in metamorphic rocks?

Answer 9

Layering caused by pressure during metamorphism.

Question 10

Which mineral group is the primary component of Earth’s mantle?

Answer 10

Olivine group (Silicates)