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Human Sexuality > 5 - Sexual Differentiation > Flashcards

5 - Sexual Differentiation Flashcards

1
Q

When does differentiation of the gonads occur?

A

Seven weeks after conception

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2
Q

Which gene causes testis-determining factor to be expressed?

A

The SRY gene on the Y chromosome

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3
Q

What are the components of an early, rudimentary reproductive system?

A

Mullerian and Wolffian ducts

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4
Q

In the presence of ovaries what happens to the Wolffian and Mullerian ducts?

A

Wolffian ducts degenerate

Mullerian ducts develop into fallopian tubes, uterus and upper part of vagina

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5
Q

In the presence of testis, what happens to the Wolffian and Mullerian ducts?

A

Mullerian ducts degenerate

Wolffian ducts develop into epidymis, vas deferens and ejaculatory duct

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6
Q

What brain differentiation might there be during sex differentiation?

A

Change may occur in the hypothalamus, which may relate to spatial abilities

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7
Q

What hormone secreted by the hypothalamus stimulates production of FSH and LH in the pituitary?

A

GnRH, gonadotropin-releasing hormone

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8
Q

What does follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) do?

A

Controls sperm production in males and ovum follicle development in females

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9
Q

what does luteinizing hormone (LH) do?

A

Controls testosterone production in males and olvulation in females

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10
Q

WHat does inhibin do? What secretes it?

A

Secreted by testis and ovaries to suppress follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

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11
Q

What does prolactin do? What secretes it?

A

Produced in pituitary, stimulates milk production

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12
Q

Explain the negative feedback loop of hormones in women (the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad feedback loop)

A

Estrogen and progesterone inhibit the hypothalamus from secreting GnRH. This stops the pituitary from secreting FSH and LH, which in turn inhibits estrogen production.

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13
Q

Explain the negative feedback loop of hormones in men

A

Testosterone inhibits the hypothalamus from secreting GnRH, which inhibits the pituitary from secreting LH, therefore inhibiting the production of testosterone

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14
Q

What are the big three endocrine glands in the reproductive system?

A
  • Hypothalamus
  • Pituitary
  • Gonads
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15
Q

What it is the analogous sex organ for the male glans in females?

A

glans of clitoris

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16
Q

What it is the analogous sex organ for the male foreskin in females?

A

hood of clitoris

17
Q

What it is the analogous sex organ for the male shaft in females?

A

labia minora

18
Q

What it is the analogous sex organ for the male scrotal sac in females?

A

labia majora

19
Q

What it is the analogous sex organ for the male testes in females?

A

ovaries

20
Q

What it is the analogous sex organ for the male prostate gland in females?

A

skene’s gland

21
Q

What it is the analogous sex organ for the male Cowper’s gland in females?

A

Bartholin’s glands

22
Q

What are the four phases of the menstrual cycle?

A
  1. Follicular phase - Proliferative phase or preovulatory phase
  2. Ovulation - follicle ruptures open and releases the ripened egg
  3. Luteal phase - secretory phase
  4. Menstruation - Shedding the inner lining of the uterus
23
Q

Does PMS occur just after or just before menstruation?

A

Just before

24
Q

Do testosterone levels peak or decrease at ovulation?

A

peak, though study results are contradictory

25
Q

What two things can cause a fluctuation in mood during menstruation?

A
  • Hormone fluctuations

- Menstrual taboos and cultural expectations

26
Q

What defines an intersex person?

A

An individual who has a mixture of male and female reproductive structures, it is not clear at birth whether the individual is a male or female

27
Q

What is it called when body cells of genetic males are unable to respond normally to testosterone?

A

Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS)

28
Q

What is it called when excess androgens cause masculinization of genetic female’s genitals?

A

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)

Human Sexuality (5 decks)

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