3 - Sex Research Flashcards
What are three implications for sex research?
social, economic and political
“facts” and “truths” have implications because?
They show an implicity assumption that a single truth exists, in reality answers may involve more than one truth.
What are five reasons to research sex?
- To gather information
- Develop or support a theory
- Promote social norms
- Inform policies/programs
- Understand, predict and control
What is biased about ‘peers’ in public interest and social value driven research?
Often a select elite group with a political agenda
Who claimed that masturbation was the root of all sexual deviance and portrayed sexual behaviour as pathological?
Richard Von Krafft-Ebing
Who was Henry Havelock Ellis?
Studies sexual norms across cultures, emphasized variation in sexuality and influence of culture and society. Reported similar sexual responses among men and women
What made Kinsey different from other sex researchers before him?
Applied statistics to sex research instead of personal observation.
What two books did Alfred Kinsey publish about sexual behaviour?
sexual behaviour in the human male
sexual behaviour in the human female
What type of research did Masters and Johnson conduct?
Physiological sex research, eg. orgasm and treatment of sexual dysfunction
Masters and Johnson published Human Sexual Inadequacy and Human Sexual Response. Which one was about sex therapy and which one was about orgasms?
Human Sexual Inadequency was about sex therapy
Human Sexual Response featured the ‘10,000’ orgasms study
What was the Hite Report?
Anecdotal and statistical information from about women.
What is probability sampling?
Each member of the population has a known probability of being included in a sample.
What is random sampling?
Each member of teh population has an equal change of being included in a sample
What are five problems related to self-reports of sexual behaviour?
- Problem of refusal
- Purposeful distortion
- Social desirability, eg. presenting socially acceptable report of behaviour
- Memory
- Difficulties estimating time
Masters and Johnson is an example of what methodology of research?
Laboratory study
Humphrey’s tearoom trade is an example of what methodology of research?
Participant Obersver
Viagra studies are an example of what sort of research?
Experimental research
What is stratified random sampling?
Where a population is divided into groups and then sampled
What is a convenience sample?
A sample chosen in a haphazard manner relative to the population of interest. Not a random or probability sample
What is a purposeful distortion?
Purposely giving false information in a survey
What is social desirability?
The tendency to distort answers to a survey in the direction perceived to be more acceptable.
What is the method of test-retest reliability?
A method for testing whether self-reports are relaible or accurate. Participants are interviewed (or given a questionare) and then inverviewed a second time some time later to determine whether the answers are the same both times.
What is an advantage of face to face interviews?
The interview can establish rapport and try to convince the participant to be honest.
What are possible extraneous factors in sex research?
Gender, race or age of interviewer.
The wording of a question in questionnaires (framing effect)
What is the justice principle?
An ethical principle in research which holds that the risks of participation should be distributed fairly across groups in society, as should the benefits.
What is a Harms-benefits analysis?
An approach the analysing the ethics of a research study, based on weighing the harms of the research (such as stress to subjects) against the benefits
Define incidence
The percentage of people giving a particular response
Define frequency
How often a person does something
