5 - Renal

Question 1

Functions of the kidneys.

Answer 1

Regulate ECF water (i.e. long term arterial pressure), remove metabolic waste/some foreign chemicals, gluconeogenesis, produce hormones

Question 2

Hormones produced via the kidneys.

Answer 2

Renin, erythropoietin, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D

Question 3

When will the kidneys undergo gluconeogenesis?

Answer 3

During fasting

Question 4

Functional unit of the kidney.

Answer 4

Nephron

Question 5

The filtering component of the nephron.

Answer 5

Renal corpusle

Question 6

Part of the nephron, extends out from the corpuscle and is surrounded by peritubular capillaries.

Answer 6

Renal tubule

Question 7

A tuft/wad of capillaries associated with the renal corpuscle.

Answer 7

Glomerulus/Glomerular capillaries

Question 8

A balloon-like hollow structure associated with the renal corpuscle, where the capillaries protrude into the fluid-filled space.

Answer 8

Bowman’s capsule

Question 9

Fluid-filled space associated with the renal corpuscle.

Answer 9

Bowman’s space

Question 10

Kidneys’ have a cortex and medulla. ALL renal corpuscles are found within the […].

Answer 10

Cortex

Question 11

Nephron, has corpuscles near the cortex medulla junction.

Answer 11

Juxtamedullary

Question 12

Nephron, has more superficial corpuscles nearer the kidney surface.

Answer 12

Cortical

Question 13

The renal tubule’s lumen is a continuaiton of the space in […].

Answer 13

Bowman’s capsule

Question 14

First section of the tubule; it drains BC.

Answer 14

Proximal tubule (i.e. contains convoluted portion and straight portion)

Question 15

Section of tubule after the proximal tubule.

Answer 15

Loop of Henle

Question 16

Section of tubule after the loop of henle.

Answer 16

Distal convoluted tubule

Question 17

Final section of the tubule, formed by the union of many distal tubules.

Answer 17

Collecting duct (i.e. composed of a medullary CD and cortical CD); fluids within the duct will move onto the bladder

Question 18

The tubules of most nephrons loop down into the […].

Answer 18

Medulla

Question 19

Carries blood from a branch of the renal artery into a tuft of glomerular capillaries.

Answer 19

Afferent arterioles

Question 20

Formed by glomerular capillaries recombining, allows blood to leave the capillaries.

Answer 20

Efferent arterioles

Question 21

Set of capillaries formed via the division of the efferent arteriole, network of branches surrounds the tubule.

Answer 21

Peritubular capillaries

Question 22

Process by which glomerular filtrate is formed.

Answer 22

Glomerular filtration (i.e. not that the subtances of the filtrate have the same concentration)

Question 23

Normally not found in filtrate.

Answer 23

Cells and proteins (i.e. too large)

Question 24

Two general processes that alter the filtrate composition as it moves through the tubule.

Answer 24

Tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion

Question 25

Nondiscriminant filtration of a protein-free plasma from glomerulus into Bowman’s space.

Answer 25

Glomerular filtration

Question 26

Selective movement of filtered substances from tubular lumen into peritubular capillaries.

Answer 26

Tubular reabsorption

Question 27

Selective movement of nonfiltered substances from peritubular capillaries into tubular lumens.

Answer 27

Tubular sercretion

Question 28

Found where the “inner” walls of the BC adjoin the glomerular capillary walls, cells with many extensions.

Answer 28

Podocytes

Question 29

Spaces between processes of podocytes.

Answer 29

Filtration slits/Slit pores

Question 30

Gradient mostly responsible for driving filtration.

Answer 30

Fluid pressure

Question 31

Two forces that oppose filtration.

Answer 31

Fluid/Hydrostatic pressure in Bowmn’s space and osmotic force via protein’s in teh plasma

Question 32

The volume of fluid filtered into the combined Bowman’s spaces per unit time

Answer 32

Glomerular filtration rate

Question 33

GFR times the plasma concentration of the substance

Answer 33

Filtered load (i.e. the total amount of a given substance filerted per unit time)

Question 34

If less of a substance is excreted than is filtered per unit time […] must have occured.

Answer 34

Tubular reabsorption

Question 35

If more of a substance is excreted than filtered […] must have occured.

Answer 35

Tubular secretion

Question 36

Constriction of the afferent arteriole […] glomerular capillary blood pressure by increasing the pressure drop between arteries and capillaries.

Answer 36

Decreases

Question 37

Constriction of the efferent arteriole […] glomerular capillary blood pressure by causing blood to dam up in the capillaries.

Answer 37

Increases