5 - Renal Flashcards
Functions of the kidneys.
Regulate ECF water (i.e. long term arterial pressure), remove metabolic waste/some foreign chemicals, gluconeogenesis, produce hormones
Hormones produced via the kidneys.
Renin, erythropoietin, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D
When will the kidneys undergo gluconeogenesis?
During fasting
Functional unit of the kidney.
Nephron
The filtering component of the nephron.
Renal corpusle
Part of the nephron, extends out from the corpuscle and is surrounded by peritubular capillaries.
Renal tubule
A tuft/wad of capillaries associated with the renal corpuscle.
Glomerulus/Glomerular capillaries
A balloon-like hollow structure associated with the renal corpuscle, where the capillaries protrude into the fluid-filled space.
Bowman’s capsule
Fluid-filled space associated with the renal corpuscle.
Bowman’s space
Kidneys’ have a cortex and medulla. ALL renal corpuscles are found within the […].
Cortex
Nephron, has corpuscles near the cortex medulla junction.
Juxtamedullary
Nephron, has more superficial corpuscles nearer the kidney surface.
Cortical
The renal tubule’s lumen is a continuaiton of the space in […].
Bowman’s capsule
First section of the tubule; it drains BC.
Proximal tubule (i.e. contains convoluted portion and straight portion)
Section of tubule after the proximal tubule.
Loop of Henle
Section of tubule after the loop of henle.
Distal convoluted tubule
Final section of the tubule, formed by the union of many distal tubules.
Collecting duct (i.e. composed of a medullary CD and cortical CD); fluids within the duct will move onto the bladder
The tubules of most nephrons loop down into the […].
Medulla
Carries blood from a branch of the renal artery into a tuft of glomerular capillaries.
Afferent arterioles
Formed by glomerular capillaries recombining, allows blood to leave the capillaries.
Efferent arterioles
Set of capillaries formed via the division of the efferent arteriole, network of branches surrounds the tubule.
Peritubular capillaries
Process by which glomerular filtrate is formed.
Glomerular filtration (i.e. not that the subtances of the filtrate have the same concentration)
Normally not found in filtrate.
Cells and proteins (i.e. too large)
Two general processes that alter the filtrate composition as it moves through the tubule.
Tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion
Nondiscriminant filtration of a protein-free plasma from glomerulus into Bowman’s space.
Glomerular filtration
Selective movement of filtered substances from tubular lumen into peritubular capillaries.
Tubular reabsorption
Selective movement of nonfiltered substances from peritubular capillaries into tubular lumens.
Tubular sercretion
Found where the “inner” walls of the BC adjoin the glomerular capillary walls, cells with many extensions.
Podocytes
Spaces between processes of podocytes.
Filtration slits/Slit pores
Gradient mostly responsible for driving filtration.
Fluid pressure
Two forces that oppose filtration.
Fluid/Hydrostatic pressure in Bowmn’s space and osmotic force via protein’s in teh plasma
The volume of fluid filtered into the combined Bowman’s spaces per unit time
Glomerular filtration rate
GFR times the plasma concentration of the substance
Filtered load (i.e. the total amount of a given substance filerted per unit time)
If less of a substance is excreted than is filtered per unit time […] must have occured.
Tubular reabsorption
If more of a substance is excreted than filtered […] must have occured.
Tubular secretion
Constriction of the afferent arteriole […] glomerular capillary blood pressure by increasing the pressure drop between arteries and capillaries.
Decreases
Constriction of the efferent arteriole […] glomerular capillary blood pressure by causing blood to dam up in the capillaries.
Increases
