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COB - Physiology II > 4 - Smooth Muscle > Flashcards

4 - Smooth Muscle Flashcards

1
Q

All smooth muscles lack the […] banding pattern found in cardiac and skeletal fibers.

A

Striated

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2
Q

The nerves to all smooth muscle are derived from the […].

A

Autonomic nervous system (ANS)

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3
Q

General description of a smooth muscle cell.

A

Spindle-shaped, sinle nucleus, smaller/shorter than skeletal muscle

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4
Q

True/False: Unlike skeletal muscle smooth muscle can divide.

A

True

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5
Q

Smooth muscle does have tropomyosin but lacks […].

A

Troponin

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6
Q

Why is smooth muscle not striated?

A

Thick and thin filaments are not organized into myofibrils therefore there are no aligned sarcomeres.

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7
Q

Anchor the thin (actin) filaments to the cell’s plasma membrane or to structures in the cytoplasm.

A

Dense bodies (i.e. analogous to Z discs)

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8
Q

Smooth muscle type, an entire group of muscle fibers responds to stimulation as a single unit (i.e. electrical and contractile activity is synchronous in all cells)

A

Single-unit (i.e. unitary or visceral); occurs because all cells are connected to adjacent cells via gap junctions

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9
Q

A common method single-unit smooth muscle contraction can be induced.

A

Stretching (i.e. smooth muscles of the stomach and intestines)

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10
Q

Smooth muscle type, contain few or no gap junctions, and each cell thus responds independently

A

Multi-unit

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11
Q

Method of single-unit (i.e. smooth muscle type) regulation.

A

Regulated via frequency pacemaker fires

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12
Q

Method of multi-unit (i.e. smooth muscle) contraction.

A

Number of fibers activated and frequency of activation

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13
Q

The following are examples of what type of smooth muscle? Eyes, large airways, larger arteries, and attached to the hairs in the skin.

A

Multi-unit

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14
Q

Forms the head of a myosin molecule.

A

Two light chains plus one heavy chain

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15
Q

Smooth muscle cells lack […]. therefore tropomyosin never blocks myosin’s access to actin.

A

Troponin

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16
Q

How is cross bridge binding regulated in smooth muscle?

A

Regulation of calicum activation via myosin light chain kinase

17
Q

Methods by which calcium ion concentration in the cell’s cytoplasm is increased.

A

Opening membrane channels (i.e. influx of extracellular calcium) or stimulation of the cell;s sarcoplasmic reticulum (i.e. released stored calcium)

18
Q

Protein that calcium binds to within the cell to activate the myosin light chain kinase.

A

Calmodulin

19
Q

Function of myosin light chain kinase.

A

Phosphorylates one of the light chains of each myosin head.

20
Q

In order to relax smooth muscle myosin must be […] to remove it from actin.

A

Dephosphorylated

21
Q

How is calcium removed from smooth muscle back to the ECF or sarcoplasmic reticulum?

A

Via ATP-requiring pump

22
Q

Enzyme, always active in smooth muscle, dephosphorylates myosin light chain.

A

Myosin light chain phosphatase (i.e. when outpaces MLCK muscle relaxes)

23
Q

The rate of ATP splitting and cross bridge cycling during contraction in smooth muscle are [>/=] skeletal muscle.

A

< (i.e. less than or slower)

24
Q

The velocity of smooth muscle shortening is […] than skeletal muscle.

A

Slower

25
Q

True/False: Smooth muscle and skeletal muscle both undergo fatigue during long periods of activity.

A

False; smooth muscle does not

26
Q

State of a smooth muscle, can last for hours, occurs when a full contraction occurs and is maintained near full level despite declines in levels of energy consumption.

A

Latch state

27
Q

Inputs to smooth muscle that increase the cell’s cytosolic calcium levels and therefore regulate contractions.

A

Transmitters via ANS, hormones, local factors (i.e. acidity, osmolarity, etc.), stretch of the fiber, spontaneous electrical activity in the fiber’s plasma membrane.

28
Q

True/False: A membrane potential change is required for a smooth muscle cell to contract.

A

False

29
Q

Due to some smooth muscle cells producing […] they are able to generate an AP in the absence of neural, hormonal, or local inputs.

A

Pacemaker potentials (i.e. resting membrane potential depolarizes slowly to threshold)

30
Q

[…] are produced in smooth muscles with pacemakers that have a membrane potentail that drifts up and down (i.e. possibly due to regular variation in ion flux across the membrane)

A

Slow waves

31
Q

Slow waves are typically found in […] smooth muscle therefore an AP causes the entire group of cells to contract.

A

Single-unit

32
Q

Smooth muscles […] have a motor end-plate region.

A

Do not

33
Q

Swollen regions found on the branches of postganglionic neurons, filled with transmitter contain vesicles.

A

Varicosity

34
Q

True/False: A given transmitter can increase tension in one smooth muscle while decreasing tension in another.

A

True

35
Q

Hormones that have receptors on smooth muscle.

A

Epinephrine, cholecytokini, angiotensin II, vasopressin

COB - Physiology II (7 decks)

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