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COB - Physiology II > 2 -Skeletal Muscle > Flashcards

2 -Skeletal Muscle Flashcards

1
Q

Synonym for muscle fiber.

A

Muscle cell

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2
Q

Plasma membrane of a skeletal muscle fiber, surrounds the cytoplasm (i.e. sarcoplasm).

A

Sarcolemma (i.e. sarc = flesh)

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3
Q

Sarcolemma is associated with a coat of polysaccharides containing embedded collagen fibrils. These fibrils fuse with the […] of the muscle.

A

Tendon

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4
Q

Subunit of muscle.

A

Fasiculi

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5
Q

A fasciculus consists of a bundle of […].

A

Muscle fibers

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6
Q

Each muscle fiber consists of a bundle of […].

A

Myofibrils

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7
Q

Portion of a myofibril between two adjacent Z discs.

A

Sarcomere

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8
Q

Filaments that make up the sarcomere.

A

Actin/Thin and Myosin/Thick

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9
Q

Three proteins that make up an actin filament.

A

Actin, troponin, and tropomyosin

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10
Q

Component of actin filament, helical backbone, contains “active sites” where myosin can bind.

A

F-actin

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11
Q

Protein of actin filament, lies on top of F-actin, covers active/binding sites when contraction is undesired.

A

Tropomyosin

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12
Q

Protein of actin filament, attached intermittently along tropomyosin, contains three different proteins.

A

Troponin complex

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13
Q

Actin filaments attach to both Z discs of a sarcomere and […] with myosin filaments.

A

Interdigitate

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14
Q

Bands that make up a sarcomere.

A

1 Complete A band, two halves of I bands

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15
Q

A protien that maintains alignment between actin and myosin filaments, acts as a spring between a Z disce and the end of a myosin filament.

A

Titin

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16
Q

Synapse between a motor neuron and a skeletal muscle fiber.

A

Neuromuscular junction

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17
Q

Tiny, fluid-filled space between cells at a synapse.

A

Synaptic cleft

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18
Q

Stores molecules of transmitter in the presynaptic axon terminals, walls are made out of membrane.

A

Synaptic vesicle

19
Q

Neurotransmitter associated with the synapes of the NMJ.

A

Acetylcholine (i.e. this will ALWAYS be the case)

20
Q

Location of acetylcholine receptors in NMJ.

A

Embedded in the plasma membrane of the postsynaptic cell

21
Q

The process by which a signal is passed between neurons or other excitable cells.

A

Synaptic transmission

22
Q

Function of an action potential sent to a NMJ.

A

Release ACh into the synaptic cleft via synaptic vesicles.

23
Q

As the AP arrives at the axon terminal it opens […] causing a depolarization.

A

voltage-gate calcium channels

24
Q

Force permitting synaptic vesicles of the NMJ to undergo exocytosis, releasing ACh into the synaptic cleft.

A

Flow of calcium ions into the axon terminal

25
Q

Amount of ACh molecules per each synaptic vesicle.

A

~5000

26
Q

Amount of synaptic vesicles released per AP.

A

300

27
Q

Upon ACh entering the synaptic cleft in can bind to ACh receptors embedded in the […]

A

Muscle fiber sarcolemma

28
Q

Enzyme found in the synaptic cleft, breaks down ACh.

A

Acetylcholinesterase (i.e. some ACh is removed via reuptake or is dissolved)

29
Q

Triggers the movement of cations (i.e. typically sodium) into muscle fibers via the opening of an ion channel.

A

Binding of two ACh molecules to a single ACh receptor

30
Q

Graded potential produced due to the influx of sodium into a muscle fiber.

A

Excitatory postsynaptic potential (i.e. an end plate potential)

31
Q

Can be recorded in muscle fibers due to the result of random discharge of a single synaptic vesicle.

A

Miniature end plate potential (mEPP)

32
Q

Invaginations of the sarcolemma into the interior of the muscle fiber, lie at right angles to the myofibrils, are made of membrane and filled with ECF.

A

Transverse (T) tubules

33
Q

Structure that carries the electrical signal into the interior of a muscle fiber.

A

T-tubule

34
Q

Membranous structure that is adjacent and mostly parallel to the myofibrils, in contact with the T tubules, and a storage depot for calcium ions

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

35
Q

A t-tubule protein, “senses” changes in voltage due to action potential.

A

Dihydropyridine receptor

36
Q

Interacts with dihydropyridine receptor, acts as a calcium release channel.

A

Ryanodine receptor

37
Q

Ion the is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to the sarcoplasm surrouding the myofibrils upon ryanodine receptor activation.

A

Calcium

38
Q

Causes actin and myosin to dissociate.

A

ATP binding to myosin

39
Q

Causes a conformational change in myosin that “cocks” the head.

A

Hydrolyziation of ATP to ADP plus phosphate (i.e. both of which remain attached)

40
Q

Result of calcium binding to troponin C.

A

Troponin pulls on tropomyosin revealing the active site of actin (i.e. thus mysoin head can now bind to form a cross bridge)

41
Q

Term for the head of myosin being attached to actin.

A

Cross bridge

42
Q

Cause of myosin head “sprining”/”uncocking”.

A

Release of phosphate group (i.e. ADP remains attached)

43
Q

Myosin and actin remain attached to each other until […] is released from myosin.

A

ADP

COB - Physiology II (7 decks)

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