5: reg of osmolarity and na

Question 1

the rate of ADH secretion is a major determining factor for __ ___

Answer 1

urine concentration

Question 2

throughout the proximal tubule (beginning, end, plasma), the osmolarity of filtrate remains ___

Answer 2

isotonic (300mOsm/L)

Question 3

water is reabsorbed by osmosis in the ___ segment of the loop of henle

Answer 3

descending

Question 4

tubular fluid becomes more ___ as it travels up the ascending segment of the loop of henle

Answer 4

dilute

Question 5

dilute fluid is found in the ___ part of the distal tubule, while additional reabsorp of Na occurs in the __ part of the distal tubule & collecting ducts

Answer 5

early

late

Question 6

two basic requirements for forming a concentrated urine:

• high level of __
• high ___ in medulla tissue

Answer 6

ADH

osmolarity

Question 7

__ __ is how we create a hyperosmotic renal medullary interstitial fluid

Answer 7

countercurrent mechanism

Question 8

while creating a hyperosmotic renal medullary interstitium, the repetitive reabsorption of NaCl and continued inflow of new Na is called the __ __

Answer 8

countercurrent multiplier

Question 9

in the cortical collecting tubule, when there is HIGH ADH, tubules become ___ to water, while LOW ADH causes them to be ___ to water

Answer 9

permeable

impermeable

Question 10

when collecting ducts become perm to water, the high osmolarity causes the urine to reach ___ w/ the medullary interstium, creating a v concentrated urine

Answer 10

equilibrium

Question 11

if the kidneys can’t maintain balance, ___ adjustments will be made, such as changing BP, circ hormones, SNS

Answer 11

systemic

Question 12

to maintain balance, there are tradeoffs such as in kidney damage:

• impaired __ excretion
• leads to __ & __ imbalance->cardiac insuff->death w/i days

Answer 12

sodium
electrolyte
fluid

Question 13

increased BP raising urinary volume excretion is called:

Answer 13

pressure diuresis

Question 14

the raise in sodium excretion that occurs w/ elevated BP is called

Answer 14

pressure natriuresis

Question 15

as long as the __ ___ mechanism works, the bod will handle an increase in fluid and salt intake w/ little system adjustments (pt’l bad)

Answer 15

pressure diuresis

Question 16

salt sensitive indv see a marked increase in BP with:

Answer 16

very little salt intake

Question 17

non-salt sensitive indv see increases in BP after:

Answer 17

many years of high Na intake

Question 18

kidneys are highly innervated by ___ fibers, which are activated by extensive ___ in blood vol

Answer 18

sympathetic

decrease

Question 19

sympathetic nerve activity signals to the kidneys that they need to hold onto (2):

Answer 19

salt & fluid

Question 20

one of bod’s most powerful controllers of sodium excretion, but generally has little impact on extracellular or blood vol

Answer 20

angiotensin II

Question 21

increased aldosterone causes increased __ & water reabsorption in the cortical collecting tubules as well as increased ___ excretion

Answer 21

sodium

potassium

Question 22

increased ADH increases reabsorp of ___ while maintaining excretion of ___ (creating a concentrated urine)

Answer 22

fluid

sodium

Question 23

decreased ADH reduces the reabsorp of ___, and helps to decrease the ___ vol in the bod

Answer 23

fluid

fluid

Question 24

hormone that is released as a result of stretch receptors in the cardiac atria that eventually acts to increase GFR & decrease tubular reabsorption of Na

Answer 24

ANP