5. Redox Chem and Glucose Oxidation Flashcards
oxidation vs reduction
oxidation = loss of electrons
reduction = gain of electrons
what is “work” described as ?
the flow of electrons
reducing agent vs oxidizing agent
LEORA / GEROA
reducing agent = donates electrons
oxidizing agent = accepts electrons
what is a redox reaction
= two half reactions / conjugate redox pairs
standard reduction potential (E) is only valid for ____
systems at a neutral pH (7)
electron transfer is from ____ E to _____ E and explain what each is
lower E to higher E
high E = gains electrons more easily
lower E = loses electrons more easily
oxidation potential
must flip the chart
as higher oxidation potential = higher tendency to lose electrons
lower o.p = higher tendency to gain electrons
for delta E and G what conditions make it spontaneous ?
delta E = positive
delta G = negative
what is an important redox coenzyme ? and for which enzyme ?
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is important for dehydrogenase enzymes
describe the oxidation step of glycolysis (step 6) and how does the carbon change
- NAD+ is the oxidizing agent
- carbon goes from oxidation state of +1 to +3 and reduces NAD+ to NADH
how much NADH does aerobic cellular respiration result in and what does it deplete
10 NADH (2 from glycolysis)
depletes NAD+ in the cell
major goal of fermentation and the two types ?
major goal = regenerate NAD+ in the cell
two types:
alcohol fermentation
- makes ethanol
lactic acid fermentation
- makes lactate
describe lactic acid fermentation
makes TWO lactic acid from ONE glucose
- C/H ratio is the same for both
- lactate dehydrogenase
- carbon goes from +2 to 0
- 2 ATP generated
describe alcohol fermentation
- TWO ethanol and TWO CO2 from ONE glucose
- same C/H ratio again
- generates 2 ATP
- acetaldehyde goes from +1 to -1
the 4 steps for complete oxidation of glucose
Glucose -> 2 pyruvate -> 2 Acetyl-CoA
-> 4 CO2 and 4 H2O
