2.DNA Flashcards
what are nucleic acids
biopolymers of nucleotides linked by phosphodiester bonds
2 types of nucleic acids
- DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
- has INFO to ASSEMBLE proteins - RNA (ribonucleic acid)
- reads DNA encoded info to direct PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
nucleotides are _____ derivatives
sugar derivatives
nucleotide includes what 3 things
- nitrogenous base
- 5 carbon pentose sugar
- phosphate
where is on the carbon 2 of DNA vs RNA
DNA = H at C2
RNA = OH group at C2
what are the pyrimidine bases
-Cytosine
-Thymine (or uracil in RNA)
what are the purine bases
-adenine
-guanine
what are nucleoSIDES and how to name
= nitrogenous base + pentose sugar
name end in “nine” converts to “osine”
name end in “sine/mine” converts to “idine”
uracil converts to uridine
*DNA add deoxy infront
what nitrogenous bases pair together and what are they bonded by/which is stronger
A&T/U double bonds
C&G triple bonds
bonded by hydrogen bonds (links two strands together)
-C&G stronger with triple bond
how is the pentose ring attached to nucleobase
via an N-glycosidic bond in beta configuration
where does the base attach to the ribose sugar in pyrimidines vs purines
pyrimidines = N1
purines = N9
what kind of bonds link individual nucleotides and which end do they grow at
phosphodiester bonds
- grow at 3’ end (phosphate of new nucleotide binds to 3’ end of previous nucleotide)
nucleic acid synthesis occurs from ___ to ___
5’ to 3’
nucleoTIDES and how to name
nucleoside + phosphate
end in “nine” converts to “ylate”
end in “sine/mine” converts to “idylate”
uracil converts to uridylate
*add deoxy infront for DNA
oligonucleotides vs polynucleotides
oli = less then or equal to 50 nucleotides
poly = greater than 50 nucleotides
