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Higher Design > 5. Plastics > Flashcards

5. Plastics Flashcards

1
Q

name the two types of plastic

A

Thermoplastics

Thermosetting Plastics

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2
Q

Name 4 forms plastic is available in

A 
Sheets
Rods
Tubes
Bars
Thin layers of film
Foam
Paint/varnish
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3
Q

True or false?

Thermosetting plastics can be remoulded several times.

A

False, thermosetting plastics can only be moulded once.

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4
Q

Name 4 thermosetting plastics.

A

Epoxy Resin
Melamine Formaldehyde
Urea Formaldehyde
Polyester Resin

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5
Q

What are the properties of epoxy resin?

A

Excellent adhesive qualities

Strong when reinforced

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6
Q

What are the uses of epoxy resin?

A

Bonding
Laminating
surface coating

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7
Q

What are the properties of melamine formaldehyde?

A

Waterproof
Odourless
Mark and scratch resistant

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8
Q

What are the uses of melamine formaldehyde?

A

Worktops
Tableware
Buttons
Electrical Insulation

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9
Q

What are the properties of urea formaldehyde?

A 
Good adhesive qualities
Stiff
Hard
Brittle
Good electrical insulator
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10
Q

What are the uses of urea Formaldehyde?

A

Electrical fittings
Paper and textile coating
Wood adhesive

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11
Q

What are the properties of polyester resin?

A

Stiff
Hard
Brittle
Formed without heat or pressure

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12
Q

What are the uses of polyester resin?

A

Panels for car bodies and boat hulls
Casting
Embedding

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13
Q

Can thermoplastics be remoulded?

A

Yes, they can be moulded as many times as needed as they can be softened and remoulded if they are heated.

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14
Q

Name 5 thermoplastics

A 
High density polythene
Low density polythene
Polypropylene
Polystyrene
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)
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15
Q

What are the properties of high density polythene?

A

Tough
Chemical resistant
Feels waxy

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16
Q

What are the uses of high density polythene?

A

Buckets
Bowls
Sterilised containers

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17
Q

What are the properties of low density polythene?

A

Soft
Pliable
Electrical insulator
Flexible

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18
Q

What are the uses of low density polythene?

A

Bags
Bottles
Cable sheathing
Toys

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19
Q

What are the properties of polypropylene ?

A 
Rigid
Light
Good chemical resistance
Resistance to fatigue
Bending
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20
Q

What are the uses of polypropylene?

A 
Crates 
Seats
String
Rope
Medical equipment
Kitchenware
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21
Q

What are the properties of polystyrene?

A

Light
Buoyant
Stiff
Water resistant

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22
Q

What are the uses of polystyrene?

A

Packing containers
Insulation
Toys

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23
Q

What are the properties of ABS?

A 
Strong
Light
Durable
Scratch/chemical resistant
High surface finish
24
Q

What are the uses of ABS?

A 
Kitchenware
Toys
Cases
Crash helmets
Telephones
25
Q

List the three steps in injection ion moulding

A
  1. Plastic powder is fed into hopper
  2. A motor turns a thread which pushes the granules along the heated section, melting it to a liquid.
  3. Liquid is forced into a mould where it cools into the shape.
26
Q

name 4 advantages to injection moulding

A 
Complex shapes
Accuracy
Mass manufacture - fast production rates
Texture can be applied
High quality surface finish - no further finish required
Fine detail - integral parts
Material flexibility
Low waste
27
Q

What are the identifying features of injection moulding?

A 
Sprue Marks
Draw Angles
Mould Split Lines
Ejection Pin Marks
Webs for Strength
28
Q

List the three steps involved in extrusion

A
  1. A motor turns a thread which feeds granules of plastic through a heater.
  2. The granules melt into a liquid which is forced through a die, forming a long ‘tube like’ shape.
  3. The extrusion is then cooled and forms a solid shape.
29
Q

What are the advantages of extrusion?

A 
Uniform cross section
Availability in length
repeatability
Accuracy
High quality surface finish
30
Q

What are the identifying features of extrusion?

A

Smooth Walled
Long Sections
Uniform Thickness and Shape
Line Texturisation

31
Q

List the 4 steps in Vacuum forming

A
  1. Plastic sheet is placed above the mould and clamped securely
  2. Electric heater switched on to heat up plastic sheet until it becomes flexible
  3. Shelf is raised and vacuum is switched on so air is removed from area below the plastic to wrap around the mould
  4. Vacuum is turned off, shelf lowered and the product will then be ready for trimming
32
Q

Name the advantages of vacuum forming.

A

Economies of scale- large numbers can be produced
Low cost- thin large sheets of plastic, large quantities
Low quality design for throw away products

33
Q

What are the identifying features of vacuum forming?

A

Material is usually thin
Patterns/texture are transferred from mould
Tapers are pronounced/obvious
Thinning on sides

34
Q

What plastics are used for injection moulding?

A

Polypropylene
High density polythene
Polystyrene

35
Q

What plastics are used for extrusion?

A

Polypropylene
High density polythene
PVC

36
Q

What plastics are used for vacuum forming?

A

High density polythene

37
Q

List the steps in compression moulding.

A
  1. A piece of plastic is placed in the mould and heated up until soft and malleable
  2. The hydraulic press moves down and the plastic is compressed into the shape of the mould
38
Q

What plastics are used in compression moulding?

A

Melamine formaldehyde

Urea formaldehyde

39
Q

Name 4 advantages of compression moulding

A 
Products withstand heat/electrical damage
High volume produced
Complex shapes
Little material waste
Accuracy
Repeatability
Thermosetting plastics only
quality surface finish/detail
40
Q

What are the identifying features of compression moulding?

A

Walls have uniform thickness (usually 3-6mm)

Quality surface finish

41
Q

What are the three steps involved in blow moulding?

A
  1. The plastic is heated until soft and malleable and put into the mould. The plastic is placed around the mould at the top.
  2. The plastic is then blown I not the shape using compressed air.
  3. Plastic cools on contact with mould surface. The mould is reopened and shape ejected.
42
Q

What plastics are used in blow moulding?

A

Low density polythene

43
Q

What are the advantages of blow moulding?

A 
Accuracy
Repeatability
Smooth Surface Finish
Hollow Products (with hole)
One piece construction- don't have to join parts together
44
Q

What are the identifying features of blow moulding?

A

Hollow product with an opening at the top
Mould separation lines almost any type of bottle
Uniform wall thickness
Webs for strength

45
Q

What are the steps to rotational moulding?

A
  1. Mould is filled with plastic powder and heated
  2. The mould is rotated allowing plastic to be distributed over the hot mould surface
  3. Mould surface is cooled and plastic retains the shape of the mould. Product is removed.
46
Q

What plastics are used in rotational moulding?

A

Polypropylene

Polystyrene

47
Q

Name 4 advantages to rotational moulding

A 
Symmetrical designs can be formed
Complex one piece mouldings
Tough rigid shapes
Lightweight products
Quality assured- repeatability
No weak areas due to consistent thickness
Good quality surface finish/ texture
Relatively cost effective- hollow therefore less material used
48
Q

What are the identifying features of rotational moulding?

A

Excellent surface detail
No sharp concave sections/corners
Uniform wall thickness
Hollow products (with no opening)

49
Q

What is 3D printing used to create?

A

Prototypes out of plastic.

50
Q

How are models made using a 3D printer

A

They are made using CAD software and then printed

51
Q

What are 3D printed models used for?

A

Testing and advertising before mass manufacturing starts

52
Q

What forms of plastic can be used in bending?

A

Sheets

Tubes

53
Q

How would you bend plastic in a certain part/line

A

Line bender

54
Q

How would you bend/form a whole piece of plastic?

A

The plastic would be heated in an oven.

55
Q

What is laser cutting used to create?

A

It can be used to cut or engrave sheets of plastic

You can use these [plastic pieces to create 3D or 2D shapes.

Higher Design (10 decks)

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