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Anatomy I EXAM 2 DDS UMKC > 5: Pericardium & Heart > Flashcards

5: Pericardium & Heart Flashcards

1
Q

Pericardium surrounds

A

The heart and root of great vessels

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2
Q

Pericardium fuses with

A

The tunica adventitia of the superior vena cava, ascending aorta, pulmonary arteries

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3
Q

Pericardium fuses inferiorly with

A

Central tendon of diaphragm

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4
Q

Pericardium is reinforced by

A

2 sternopericardial ligmants

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5
Q

Sternopericardial ligaments keep the heart in position and limit

A

Cardiac dissension

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6
Q

Pericardium is overlapped by

A

The pleural sacs and lungs

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7
Q

Where the pleural sacs deviate the pericardium contacts

A

The posterior surface of the sternum and 4th and 5th intercostal spaces

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8
Q

What is sandwiched in between the mediastinal pleura and the pericardium

A
  1. Phrenic nerve
  2. Pericardiacophrenic artery
  3. Pericardiacophrenic vein
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9
Q

Posteriorly the pericardium contacts

A
  1. esophagus
  2. descending thoracic aorta
  3. Main bronchi
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10
Q

What is the outer layer of the pericardium called

A

Fibrous pericardium

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11
Q

What is the inner layer of the pericardium called

A

Serous pericardium

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12
Q

Components of serous pericardium

A

Parietal and visceral layers

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13
Q

Pericardial cavity contains film of fluid to allow for

A

A Frictionless environment

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14
Q

The fibrous pericardium functions iin

A
  1. Retaining position

2. Prevents overfilling

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15
Q

Visceral pericardium is also known as

A

Pericardium

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16
Q

describe the Development of the heart and pericardial sinuses

A
  1. Heart tube folds
  2. venous end move posterior and up.
  3. Venous and arterial ends are separated by transverse sinus
  4. As veins grow and expand, oblique sinus is formed on posterior side
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17
Q

What are the pericardial sinuses and where are they

A

Transverse: at the pulmonary trunk and aorta
Oblique: at venous end where SPV and IVC enter the heart

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18
Q

What supplies blood to the pericardium

A
  1. Pericardiacophrenic artery
  2. Musculophrenic
  3. Branches of thoracic aorta (bronchial, esophageal, superior phrenic )
  4. Coronary - visceral only
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19
Q

What supplies the visceral pericardium

A

Coronary arteries

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20
Q

Describe venous drainage of pericardium

A
  1. Pericardiacophrenic veins
  2. Internal thoracic artery
  3. Azygos
    All back to the SVC
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21
Q

What provides somatic sensory innervation to the fibrous and parietal layers of the pericardium

A

Phrenic nerves

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22
Q

What provides visceral sensory innervation to the epicardium

A

Cardiac plexuses

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23
Q

Pericarditis

A

Layer of pericardium rub against one another

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24
Q

Pericardial effusion and Pericardiocentesis

A

To remove fluid from pericardium

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25
Q

Names of atrioventricular valves

A

Tricuspid

Mitral/biscuspid

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26
Q

The right atrium can be divide in to what two parts

A
  1. Sinus venarum

2. Pectinte muscles including auricle

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27
Q

What is the sinus venarum

A

Smooth thin walled posterior part of right atrium

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28
Q

The sinus venarum receives deoxy blood from

A
  1. Venue cavae

2. Coronary sinus

29
Q

The pectinate muscles and sinus venarum are divided by

A

Crista terminalis

30
Q

Interatrial septum divides the

A

right atrium form the left atrium

31
Q

What is the remnant of the fetal valve that connects the atriums

A

Fossa ovalis, was the fetal foramen ovale

32
Q

Patent foramen ovale

A

Doesn’t close allow the way mixing of deoxy and oxy blood. Overloads the heart get enlargement

33
Q

The right ventricle receives blood from _____ through the ___

A

The right atrium, through the right atrioventricular valve (tricuspid)

34
Q

What are the trabecular carnae

A

Irregular muscular elevations on the internal surface of the right ventricle

35
Q

What are the parts of the interventricular septum

A
  1. Muscular

2. Membranous

36
Q

What is the location of membranous part of the interventricular septum

A

Superior and posterior

37
Q

What is the conus arteriosus and what doe sit lead in to

A

Cone shaped pouch that leads in to the pulmonary trunk

38
Q

Why type of valve is the pulmonary valve and what does it guard

A

Semilunar valve and guards the pulmonary trunk from receiving blood from the right ventricle

39
Q

Blood in the right atrium changes directs and wha angle

A

140

40
Q

How many cusps forms the right atrioventricular valve have

A

3 - tricuspid (anterior, posterior, septal)

41
Q

What muscles control to the cusps of the right atrioventricular valve

A

Papillary muscle- anterior, posterior, septal

42
Q

What are the fibers that connects the cusps of the atrioventricular valve to the papillary muscles

A

Chordae tendineae

43
Q

What is the function of the atrioventricular valves

A

They prevent back flow of blood to the atrium during ventricular contraction

44
Q

What structures prevent the cusps of the atrioventricular valves from prolapsing into the aorta

A

Chordae tendinae and papillary muscles

45
Q

What is occuring during ventricular diastole

A

Ventricles are filling

46
Q

What valves are open during diastole

A

Atrioventricular valves because the ventricles are filling

47
Q

What is occuring during ventricular systole

A

Ventricles are contracting and pushing blood to aorta and pulmonary trunk

48
Q

What valves are open during systole

A

Semilunar valves - pulmonary and aortic

49
Q

The left atrium receives what kind of blood from where

A

Oxygenated blood from lungs via the pulmonary veins

50
Q

Describe the musculature of the left atrium

A

Smooth muscle except for the pectinate muscle in the left auricle

51
Q

Left ventricle receives blood through what valve

A

Atrioventricular valve, mitral, bicuspid

52
Q

Describe the difference in trabecular carneae in left and right ventricle

A

In the left ventricle they are finer and more numerous than right ventricle

53
Q

The wall of the left ventricle is ___ thicker than the right

A

Two times, bc its about to supply the entire body with blood

54
Q

What is the aortic vestibule

A

Part that leads to the aorta and is smooth walled

55
Q

The aortic valve is what kind of valve and is guarding what

A

Semilunar valve, guarding the ascending aorta

56
Q

Blood flowing in the left ventricle changes direction at what degree

A

180

57
Q

most Ventricular septal defects occur in what portion

A

Muscular portion and close themselves

58
Q

Which ventricular septal defects require surgery

A

Membranous defects

59
Q

How many cusps does the mitral valve have

A

2 cusps, anterior, posterior

60
Q

How many papillary muscle does the mitral valve have

A

2, anterior, posterior with chordae tendinae

61
Q

What is the most commonly diseased valve of the heart

A

Mitral valves

62
Q

If the mitral valves prolapse what can happen

A

Enlargement of left atrium

63
Q

How many cusps do semilunar valves have and what is their function

A

3, prevent backflow of blood in to ventricle during ventricular relaxation

64
Q

Do semilunar valves have papillary muscles and chordae tendinae

A

No they are not associated

65
Q

What is the midpoint of the free edge of semilunar valve cusp

A

Nodule

66
Q

What is the tissue on either side of the nodule of the free edge of semilunar valve cusp

A

Lunule

67
Q

Where do the coronary arteries arise from

A

Aortic sinuses - the arteries fill as the aortic sinus

68
Q

Explain the cusps of the semilunar valves in terms of anterior, right, left, and posterior. Use vessels in description

A

Aorta has posterior, right and left

Pulmonary valves has anterior, right and left

Anatomy I EXAM 2 DDS UMKC (6 decks)

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