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Anatomy I EXAM 2 DDS UMKC > 3: Lungs > Flashcards

3: Lungs Flashcards

1
Q

Development of the lungs begin

A

4 weeks after fertilization

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2
Q

What is the lung bud that forms during embryonic development

A

Respiratory diverticulum

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3
Q

What does the respiratory diverticulum give rise to

A

Trachea which will bud develop primary bronchus and secondary bronchial buds

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4
Q

Lungs are contained within separate

A

pleural sacs

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5
Q

Lungs are separated by

A

Heart, middle mediastinum

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6
Q

Why are lungs elastic

A

Due to the elastic fibers in alveoli, and so they can recoil to about 1/3 their uninflated size when the thoracic cavity is opened

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7
Q

Lungs are suspended from the mediastinum by the

A

Lung root

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8
Q

The apex of the lungs projects through the

A

Superior thoracic aperature - lower neck wounds need to be weary of lung puncture or damage

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9
Q

How many lobes of right and left lungs

A 
Right = 3
Left = 2
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10
Q

What are the lobes of each lung separated by.

A

Left: oblique fissure
Right: S/M horizontal fissure, M/I oblique fissue

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11
Q

What are the unique features of the left lung

A

Cardiac notch for the heart

Lingula analogous to the middle lobe of right lung

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12
Q

Which lung is larger and heavier

A

Right lung

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13
Q

Which lung is shorter and wider

A

Right lung

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14
Q

What is the root of the lung

A

The structure contained in the pulmonary sleeve entering the hilum of the lung.

Essentially structure on their way to the lung but haven’t touched lung tisssue

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15
Q

What is the hilum of the lung

A

“Doorway”, are where structured forming the root actually touch lung tissue

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16
Q

What is the pulmonary ligament

A

Where mediastinal pleura passes to the visceral surface of the lung

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17
Q

What structures are found in the hilum and their location

A
  1. Pulmonary arteries - superior
  2. Main/primary bronchi - posterior
  3. Pulmonary veins - 1 anterior, 1 inferior
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18
Q

How can the right hilum differ from general observances

A

Bronchus to the superior lobe might be the most superior

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19
Q

Structure that come in contact and leave impressions on the surface of RIGHT lung

A
  1. Azygous
  2. Right brachiocephalic
  3. Superior vena cava
  4. Esophagus
  5. Heart of cardiac impression
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20
Q

Structure that come in contact and leave impressions on the surface of LEFT lung

A
  1. Esophagus
  2. thoracic aorta
  3. Left subclavian artery
  4. Heart
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21
Q

Trachea and bronchi are support by

A

C shaped hyaline cartilage rings

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22
Q

Trachea bifurcate into

A

Primary bronchi

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23
Q

What is carina

A

Internal ridge of trachea becoming primary bronchi. Located in the Sagittal plane

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24
Q

Describe bronchial tree

A

Main.primary bronchi
Lobar.secondary bronchi
Segmental.tertiary bronchi

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25
Q

Difference between right and left main bronchi

A

Right is wider and more vertical

Left is more horizontal and more narrow and longer

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26
Q

How many secondary/lobar bronchi in each lung

A

Right 3, left 2

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27
Q

Lobar and segmental bronchi are supported by

A

Crescent shaped cartilage

28
Q

Primary bronchi are lined by Respiratory epithelial

A

Pseudostratified columnar with goblet cells

29
Q

Patient aspirates plaque most likely to end up where and cause what

A

Upper right lobe, can cause pneumonia bc its inflammation of the airways, plaque is bacteria

30
Q

What is the bronchopulmonary segment

A

The anatomical, functional, and surgical unit (subdivision) of the lungs

31
Q

What can the bronchopulmonary segment limit

A

Spread of infection

32
Q

Bronchopulmonary segment is drained by

A

Intersegmental pulmonary veins

33
Q

Clinical significance of bronchopulmonary segments

A

Can resect segment with disrupting surround tissues. Can take out infection with out affecting the entire lung

34
Q

What is the primary site of gas exchange

A

Alveoli

35
Q

Gas exchange occurs between

A

Alveoli and blood in the capillaries

36
Q

How does gas exchange exactly occur

A

Oxygen diffused across the alveolar wall and enters the blood stream, while carbon dioxide diffuse from the blood across the alveolar wall to enter the alveoli

37
Q

Vasculature of then lungs: pulmonary arteries run

A

Parallel to bronchi, on the anterior side

38
Q

Vasculature of then lungs: pulmonary veins run

A

Interdependent courses from arteries and bronchi

39
Q

Vasculature of then lungs: bronchial arteries supply

A

Structures of the root, supporting tissues of the lungs, and visceral pleura

40
Q

How many left bronchial arteries and arise directly from

A

Two, thoracic aorta

41
Q

How many right bronchial arteries and arise directly from

A

One, arise from

  1. posterior intercostal artery
  2. Left bronchial artery
  3. Aorta
42
Q

The upper esophogus is supplied by

A

Bronchial arteries following along the posterior aspects of main bronchi

43
Q

Bronchial arteries anastomoses with

A

Pulmonary veins

44
Q

Right bronchial vein drains into

A

Azygos vein

45
Q

Left bronchial vein drains in to

A

Accessory hemiazygos vein

46
Q

The nerves of the lungs are derived from the

A

Anterior and posterior pulmonary plexuses

47
Q

Nerves in the lungs follow

A

Bronchi, and blood vessels into the lungs

48
Q

Types of innervation in the lungs

A
  1. Parasympathetic
  2. Sympathetic
  3. Visceral afferent (sensory)
49
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of the lungs is derived from

A

Vagus nerve

50
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of the lungs stimulates

A
  1. Secretions from bronchial gland (asthma)
  2. Contraction of bronchial smooth muscle (asthma)
  3. Vasodilation of pulmonary vessels (decrease heart rate)
51
Q

Sympathetic innervation of the lungs is what kind of nerves

A

Thoracic splanchnic nerves

52
Q

Thoracic splanchnic nerves (sympathetic) innervation of the lungs is derived from

A

The sympathetic trunks

53
Q

Thoracic splanchnic nerves (sympathetic) innervation of the lungs stimulates

A
  1. Relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle (treatment for asthma)
  2. Vasocontriction of pulmonary vessels (increase heart rate)
54
Q

Visceral afferent/sensory innervation of the lungs conducts

A

Pain impulse to the sensory ganglion of the vagus nerve

55
Q

Lymph nodes are located

A

Around bronchi and within connective tissue

56
Q

Lymph nodes pick up

A

Carbon, dust particles, and pollutants not filtered by the epithelium

57
Q

What is the pathway of lymph drainage

A
  1. Lymph vessels
  2. Pulmonary nodes in lung
  3. Bronchopulmonary nodes in hilum
  4. Tracheaobronchial nodes
  5. L/R bronchomediastinal trunk
  6. Thoracic duct
58
Q

Significance of lymphatic drainage in regard to lung cancer

A

If can stop cancer before it reaches bronchopulmonary nodes have better chances of controlling. Once it reaches this point and jump over to the other lung. Further drainage can allow for metastasis through out the body

59
Q

Canalicular stage of lung development

A
  1. Begins at 16 weeks, ends at 24
  2. Blood air barrier has formed - have alveoli and capillaries surround them3. Have the capacity for gas exchange
  3. Surfactant is produced, hold alveoli open so they don’t collapse

Reasons why birth before 24 weeks of development struggle with life

60
Q

What is pneumonia

A

Infection of alveoli, swelling of alveolar walls

61
Q

Pneumonia reduced capacity

A

For gas exchange

62
Q

Emphysema is what kind of disease

A

Smoking disease

63
Q

What is the issues patients have with emphysema

A
  1. Loss of area alveoli) available
  2. Have the ability to expand but lost elasticity,
  3. Inhale easily, struggle exhaling
  4. Barrel chest
64
Q

Lung cancer is the ____ most common malignancy

A

Second

65
Q

Lung cancer originates in the

A

Epithelium

Anatomy I EXAM 2 DDS UMKC (6 decks)

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