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Anatomy I EXAM 2 DDS UMKC > 4: Mediastinum > Flashcards

4: Mediastinum Flashcards

1
Q

What is the additional structure that is found in the superior mediastinum of kids

A

Thymus

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2
Q

Thymus contributes to the development and maintenance of the

A

Immune system

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3
Q

Describe the size of the thymus in childhood, and after puberty

A

Large, then involuted after puberty and replaced by fatty tissue

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4
Q

Location of thymus

A
  1. Lower part of the neck and the anterior part of the superior mediastinum
  2. Posterior to the manubrium
  3. Can extend into the anterior mediastinum
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5
Q

Blood supply of the thymus is from

A

Internal thoracic arteries

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6
Q

Venous drainage of the thymus

A

Internal thoracic to the SC, BC, SVC

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7
Q

What lies within the superior mediastinum before passing through the superior thoracic aperture

A

Great vessels

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8
Q

What are the great vessels

A
  1. Superior vena cava
  2. Pulmonary trunk
  3. Arch of the aorta
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9
Q

What are the tributaries of he superior vena cava

A
  1. Brachiocephalic
  2. Left superior intercostal vein
  3. Supreme intercostal vein
  4. Azygos vein
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10
Q

Superior vena cava returns blood from all structures

A

Superior to the diaphragm except for the heart and the lungs

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11
Q

Superior vena cava returns blood from all structures superior to the diaphragm except

A

The heart and the lung

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12
Q

The accessory azygos vein is formed by the union of

A

The 4th to 7th posterior intercostal veins

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13
Q

Accessory hemiazygos empties in tho the

A

Azygos vein

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14
Q

Where does the pulmonary trunk exit

A

From the right ventricle

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15
Q

Describe the position or location of the pulmonary trunk

A
  1. Initially anterior to the aorta
  2. Move medically and posteriorly
  3. Bifurcated into the L/R pulmonary arteries
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16
Q

Where does the aorta arise

A

From the left ventricle

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17
Q

What are the branches of the ascending aorta

A

Coronary arteries

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18
Q

What are the major branches off the aortic arch

A
  1. Brachiocephalic
  2. Left common carotid
  3. Left subclavian
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19
Q

What dos the brachiocephalic artery supply

A
  1. The right side of the head and neck

2. Right upper limb

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20
Q

What dos the left common carotid artery supply

A

Left side of the head and neck

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21
Q

What dos the left subclavian artery supply

A

Left upper limb

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22
Q

Brachiocephalic drains blood from

A

The upper body

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23
Q

Left superior intercostal vein collects blood from

A

The left 2 intercostal vein and drains to left brachiocephalic

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24
Q

Supreme intercostal vein drains

A

From 1st intercostal space directly into the brachiocephalic veins

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25
Q

Azygos vein receives blood from

A

The right posterior intercostal, and accessory/hemiazygos systems

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26
Q

Superior mediastinum end at what T level

A

T4/5

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27
Q

describe an Aneurysm of the aorta

A

Massive amount of blood being pumped and gets trapped, usually lethal

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28
Q

Where the vagus nerve located and how may paths does it have

A

Located in the superior/posterior mediastinum

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29
Q

What is the path of the right vagus nerve

A
  1. Runs parallel to the trachea

2. Passes posteriorly to the superior vena cava & right bronchus

30
Q

What is the path of the left vagus nerve

A
  1. Enters the superior mediastinum between left common carotid and left subclavian arteries
  2. Descends anteriorly to the aortic arch
  3. Then travels posterior to the left bronchus
31
Q

Where does the right recurrent laryngeal hook

A
  1. Around the right subclavian artery

2. Amends between the trachea and esophagus

32
Q

Where does the left recurrent laryngeal hook

A
  1. Loops under the aortic arch
  2. Left of the ligamentum arteriosum
  3. Continues to the larynx in the tracheal-esophageal groove
33
Q

What doe the recurrent laryngeal arteries supply

A

The larynx

34
Q

The vagus nerve travels through the neck with what vessels

A

The internal jugular vein and the common carotid arteries

35
Q

The parasympathetic branches of the vagus nerve contribute to

A

The cardiac and pulmonary plexuses

36
Q

What happen to the vagus nerve after it pass posterior to the bronchi

A

They converge on the esophagus and from the esophageal plexus

37
Q

Just superior to the diaphragm, the vagus nerve gives rise

A

To two vagaries trunks, right become anterior, left becomes posterior

38
Q

Doe the right laryngeal nerve enter the mediastinum

A

No, hooks around right subclavian artery and travels to the larynx

39
Q

The right recurrent laryngeal artery is also spatially related to

A

Apex of the right lung

40
Q

The left recurrent laryngeal artery is also spatially related to

A

Lymph nodes of the aortic arch

41
Q

Injury to recurrent laryngeal nerves symptoms

A

Cough, weak voice/hoarse, loss of voice/aphonia

42
Q

What is the ligamentum arteriosus

A

A fibrous remnant of the ductus arteriosus

43
Q

Where is the ligamentum arteriosus located

A

Between the aortic arch and pulmonary trunk

44
Q

What is the ductus arteriosus

A

Fetal blood vessel that serves as a bypass for the lungs. Left pulmonary artery and aorta

45
Q

Is you get compression or swelling (aneurysm) or the aortic arch what nerve could be affect

A

Left recurrent laryngeal

46
Q

Nerves of the superior mediastinum

A
  1. Vagus
  2. Phrenic
  3. Cardiac (superior and deep plexuses)
  4. Sympathetic trunk
47
Q

Where does the phrenic nerve come from

A
  1. Anterior surface of scalene muscles (C3-5 roots)
  2. Enters superior mediastinum lateral to great vessels
  3. Descends anteriorly in to middle mediastinum
  4. Passing anteriorly to the hilum of the lung
48
Q

Phrenic nerve supplies motor innervation to

A

Diaphragm

49
Q

Phrenic nerve supplies s sort innervation to

A

Mediastinal and diaphragmatic pleura

50
Q

Cardiac nerves originate from

A

Superior, middle, inferior cardiac ganglia

51
Q

Superior cardiac plexus sits between

A

Aortic arch and right pulmonary vein

52
Q

Deep cardiac plexus lies on

A

The surface of the trachea where it bifurcates

53
Q

Sympathetic trunk runs

A

Bilaterally to the vertebral bodies along the entire vertebral column

54
Q

Trachea descends

A

Anterior to esophagus

55
Q

Posterior surface of trachea is

A

Flat where esophagus is

56
Q

Trachea ends at the level of _______, the divide in to

A

The sternal angle, in to l/r primary bronchi

57
Q

is the Azygos vein is posterior/anterior to trachea

A

Posterior

58
Q

is the descending aorta posterior/anterior to trachea

A

Posterior

59
Q

is the pulmonary arteries posterior/anterior to trachea

A

Anterior

60
Q

Where is the aortic arch in comparison with trachea

A

Anterior and moves laterally posteriorly

61
Q

Supervisor vena cava in relation to the trachea

A

Lies Anterior

62
Q

Brachiocephalic veins in relation to the aortic arch

A

Anterior, superior

63
Q

Thoracic aortic is found in which mediastinum

A

Posterior mediastinum

64
Q

Thoraci arota begins at

A

Inferior border of T4

65
Q

Thoracic aorta descends on which side of the vertebral column

A

Left

66
Q

Thoracic aorta supplies

A

Intercostal spaces and thoracic viscera

67
Q

Esophagus location in relation to aortic arch

A

Posterior

68
Q

Esophogus found in which mediastinum compartments

A

Superior and posterior

69
Q

What is the largest lymphatic channel in the body and which mediastinum in it apart of

A

Thoracic duct, superior and posterior.

70
Q

The thoracic duct originates from

A

The cisterna chyli in the abdomen

71
Q

Thoracic duct drain lymph’s from the whole body except (where do the exceptions drain)

A
  1. Right side of head and neck
  2. Right upper limb
  3. Right side of thorax
    They drain in to the right lymphatic duct

Anatomy I EXAM 2 DDS UMKC (6 decks)

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