Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Gastrointestinal Week 4 2016/17 > 5: Pathology of the large intestine > Flashcards

5: Pathology of the large intestine Flashcards

1
Q

Out-pouching found in the large bowel via endoscopy indicate ____ disease.

A

diverticular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a diverticulum?

A

Herniation of the mucosa through the muscle coat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What can happen to diverticula to produce disease?

A

Inflammation

Perforation

Bleeding

Blockage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What collects in diverticula?

A

Faeces

Bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why do diverticulae become inflamed?

What does the initial diverticulosis progress to?

A

Blockage (e.g with seeds, food products)

Diverticulitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What dietary factor is associated with diverticular disease?

A

Low fibre diet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Symptoms only occur if the diverticular disease is ___.

A

complicated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What name is given to inflammation of diverticulae?

A

Diverticulitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

If inflammation weakens the walls of diverticulae, what can happen?

A

Rupture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

If pus/faeces/bacteria leak from a ruptured diverticulum into the abdominal cavity, what can develop?

A

Peritonitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What can develop on the walls of the colon following diverticular rupture?

A

Abscesses

pain, fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What can develop between viscera following diverticular disease?

A

Fistula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What organ, close to the large bowel, can develop a fistula following diverticular disease?

A

Bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why can diverticular disease cause blood in the stool?

A

Massive bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why does low fibre intake cause diverticular disease?

A

Stool is more liquidy, harder to move along colon than solid

Greater pressure contractions, produces diverticular disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How are most cases of diverticular disease treated?

A

Surgery

17
Q

Who commonly develops ischaemia of the large bowel?

A

Elderly people

Those at risk of atherosclerosis

18
Q

What side of the large bowel tends to become ischaemic?

A

Left side

around the splenic flexure

19
Q

What disease process and which vessels are affected to produce large bowel ischaemia?

A

Atherosclerosis

S / I mesenteric arteries

20
Q

“withering of crypts”

“pink smudgy lamina propria”

“few chronic inflam. cells”

indicators of large bowel ischaemia

A
21
Q

What are some complications of ischaemic colitis?

A

Haemorrhage

Rupture

Stricture –> obstruction due to fibrosis following ischaemia

22
Q

What does a patient have if you find patchy membranes stuck to mucosa throughout the colonic wall?

A

Anti-biotic induced colitis

“Pseudomembranous” colitis

23
Q

“volcano like fibrinopurulent exudate lesions”

“flamethrower like”

antibiotic-induced pseudomembranous colitis

A
24
Q

What drugs cause the patchy membranous colitis seen all over the colonic wall?

A

Broad spectrum antibiotics

25
Q

Which bacteria produces toxins to kill the epithelium of the colon following broad spectrum antbiotic treatment?

A

C. difficile

26
Q

What drug can be used to treat infection following antibiotic-induced colitis?

A

Oral vancomycin

27
Q

What is wrong with a patient’s large bowel if they have watery diarrhoea?

A

Collagenous colitis

One of the microscopic colitis diseases - nothing can be seen grossly

28
Q

What becomes thicker and more prominent in the epithelial cells of patients with collagenous colitis (with watery diarrhoea)?

A

Thickened basal lamina

29
Q

What drugs can cause microscopic collagenous colitis?

A

NSAIDs

30
Q

Another patient has watery diarrhoea. Under the microscope they have increased numbers of IELs reminiscent of Coeliac disease. What disease do they actually have?

A

Lymphocytic colitis

increased numbers of IELs

31
Q

What disease may someone have if they show microscopic lymphocytic colitis?

A

Coeliac disease

32
Q

What are the two types of microscopic colitis?

A

Collagenous

Lymphocytic

33
Q

thick walled blood vessels

inflammation

disturbed crypts

indicators of radiation induced coltis

A
34
Q

What is radiation induced colitis caused by?

A

Cancer treatment

e.g chemo/radiotherapy

35
Q

What should be asked about in the history of someone with suspected radiation-induced colitis?

A

Past medical history

(previous history of cancer?)

36
Q

Acute colitis is commonly caused by ___.

A

infection

Gastrointestinal Week 4 2016/17 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions