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Gastrointestinal Week 4 2016/17 > 4: Benign conditions of the large bowel > Flashcards

4: Benign conditions of the large bowel Flashcards

1
Q

What is a diverticulum?

A

Mucosal herniation through muscle coat

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2
Q

Are diverticulae, seen in diverticular disease, false or true?

A

False

Not a true outpouching of GI tract - herniation of mucosa

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3
Q

What dietary deficiency is diverticular disease associated with?

A

Low fibre

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4
Q

Where do diverticulae tend to appear?

A

Sigmoid colon

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5
Q

What is the difference between diverticulosis and diverticulitis?

A

Diverticulitis is inflammation

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6
Q

Which investigation can be used to view diverticular disease?

A

Barium enema

Endoscopy

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7
Q

Are people with diverticulosis guaranteed to get diverticulitis?

A

No

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8
Q

Diverticulosis tends to be (symptomatic / asymptomatic).

A

asymptomatic

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9
Q

Where does pain associated with diverticulitis appear?

A

Left iliac fossa

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10
Q

What is a fistula?

A

Communication between two visceral surfaces

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11
Q

Do patients with uncomplicated diverticulitis need to be managed in hospital?

A

No

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12
Q

What are patients with uncomplicated diverticulitis treated with?

A

Oral antibiotics

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13
Q

How is complicated diverticulitis (e.g abcesses, peritonitis) treated?

A

Drainage

Surgery

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14
Q

What causes colitis?

A

Crohn’s disease

Ulcerative colitis

Infection

Ischaemia

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15
Q

cxr slide 16 - right colon is lumpy bumpy, left colon is smooth and featureless

on left side, characteristics features of the colon have been lost due to colitis

A
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16
Q

What imaging modality can be used to view the colon?

A

Abdominal X-ray

17
Q

What is used to treat patients with severe Crohn’s / UC once they have been resuscitated with IV fluids?

A

IV steroids (if infective/ischaemic ruled out)

18
Q

Which type of colitis is caused by occlusion of the arteries?

A

Ischaemic colitis

19
Q

The risk factors of which disease process increase your chances of developing ischaemic colitis?

A

Atherosclerosis

20
Q

Ischaemic colitis tends to appear in the (young / elderly).

A

elderly

21
Q

What is an uncommon cause of rectal bleeding, caused by arterial/venous malformation?

A

Colonic angiodysplasia

22
Q

Which investigation is used to diagnose colonic angiodysplasia?

A

CT angiogram

23
Q

How would you be able to tell that a patient had colonic angiodysplasia from a CT angiogram?

A

Leakage

24
Q

Colonic angiodysplasia can be treated by cauterising the haemorrhaging blood vessels. What complication may this cause?

A

Ischaemia

25
Q

What can cause large bowel obstruction?

A

Colorectal cancer

Benign strictures

Volvulus

Hernia

26
Q

What causes small bowel obstruction?

A

Adhesions

Hernia

Caecal cancer

27
Q

slide 24 - small bowel mainly with bits of large bowel, very dilated due to obstruction - omental appendices coming off colon, white stripes are teniae coli

A
28
Q

What are the four cardinal symptoms of GI obstruction?

A

Constipation

Distension

Pain

Vomiting

29
Q

What palliative procedure can be used to alleviate symptoms of large bowel obstruction, e.g in cancer with metastasis?

A

Stenting

30
Q

Which part of the colon has the most mesentery and is therefore the most mobile?

A

Sigmoid colon

31
Q

When the sigmoid colon twists around its mesentery and the blood supply is blocked, what is this called?

What are the complications?

A

Sigmoid volvulus

Ischaemia, infarction, gangrene

32
Q

slide 27 - coffee bean distension pointing into LIF

A
33
Q

Which disease mimics large bowel obstruction but, upon investigation, yields no actual cause?

A

Pseudo-obstruction

34
Q

Who gets pseudo-obstruction?

A

Those with underlying medical probs (elderly/dehabilitated)

35
Q

What is a true diverticulum?

A

Diverticulum involving all layers of bowel wall, proper outpouching

36
Q

What is a false diverticulum?

A

Herniation of mucosa through muscle wall, only mucosa and serosa are involved

Gastrointestinal Week 4 2016/17 (10 decks)

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