5. Multiple Choice Flashcards
What legal or moral claims are citizens entitled to make on the government?
civil rights
What term describes governmental guarantees of equal entitlement to certain privileges?
civil rights
The government’s obligation to allow African Americans to exercise their opportunity to vote is an example of a …
civil right
The Supreme Court’s 1857 decision in Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) ruled that slave could not seek his freedom using this government resource?
federal court system
Which amendment contains the “equal protection clause?”
the Fourteenth Amendment
This clause of the Fourteenth Amendment has become the basis for civil rights claims on the basis of race, ethnicity, gender, and sexual preference.
equal protection clause
In the U.S. Constitution, civil rights issues often arise under the __________ clause.
equal protection
Civil rights did not become a part of the Constitution until 1868 with the adoption of the __________ Amendment.
Fourteenth
In which amendment does the equal protection clause appear?
the Fourteenth Amendment
Which clause in the Constitution extended civil rights to all persons?
equal protection clause
There are still several restrictions on who is eligible to vote in U.S. elections. Which group currently faces no restrictions from voting?
naturalized citizens
Imagine an individual politician who is in favor of restricting the extension of voting rights to a currently disenfranchised group. This politician fears the new group of voters will vote him and his political party out of office if it gains the right to vote. This politician’s behavior best reflects which principle of politics?
the rationality principle
In which year was the Nineteenth Amendment passed?
1919
Which constitutional amendment guaranteed women the right to vote?
the Nineteenth Amendment
Wyoming is nicknamed “The Equality State” because in 1869 it was the first state or territory to extend voting rights to this group.
women
Of the various restrictions on suffrage that were in place at the founding of the United States, which was the first to be almost entirely eradicated?
property qualifications
In the post-Reconstruction South, the White Primary, literacy tests, and redistricting were all tactics used to deprive African Americans of which basic civil right?
voting
The 2013 Supreme Court decision Shelby County v. Holder struck down what critical provision of the 1965 Voting Rights Act?
preclearance of state and local laws affecting elections
In the Shelley v. Kraemer case involving the widespread practice of restrictive covenants, the Supreme Court ruled that restrictive covenants could …
not be judicially enforced
Plessy v. Ferguson was a civil rights case involving the …
equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment
Plessy v. Ferguson ruled that the federal government …
could enforce political equality but not social equality
In 1954, the Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education overturned the infamous “separate but equal doctrine” articulated in which earlier case?
Plessy v. Ferguson
In Brown v. Board of Education, the Supreme Court overturned Plessy v. Ferguson because …
separate educational facilities are inherently unequal
As a consequence of Brown v. Board of Education …
schools eventually allowed students to attend their neighborhood school regardless of race, although segregation continued due to racially segregated housing
Which of the following is correct regarding segregation?
De jure segregation is created by law; de facto segregation is created by private behavior.
After the Brown decision, what was the status of the ability to regulate de jure and de facto segregation in public educational settings?
De jure segregation was banned; de facto segregation was not
Which of the following is an example of de facto segregation?
In a medium-sized city, the black population lives almost entirely south of the railroad tracks while almost the entire white population lives north of the tracks
Racial segregation that is a direct result of law or official policy is known as __________ segregation.
de jure
If a school district moved to a plan where students attended the school closest to their home, but that plan resulted in schools that were predominantly white or predominantly black, the resulting segregation would be termed __________ segregation.
de facto
Individuals participating in the civil rights movement faced many costs, such as lost time, resources, and threats to their personal safety, yet the contribution of any one individual to the movement’s overall success was small. What does this say about certain types of political behavior?
Participants in the civil rights movement attached high experiential value to being an active member in the movements
