5. Memory

Question 1

Which are the types of memory

Answer 1

There are four forms of memory:
Sensory memory
short term memory
working memory
long-term memory
1.Sensory memory is a very brief memory that allows people to retain impressions of sensory information after the original stimulus has ceased. The purpose of sensory memory is to retain information long enough for it to be recognized.
The two most important forms of sensory memory are:
Iconic memory, (iconic means image) visual sensory memory is a form of memory that briefly holds a visual representation of a scene that has just been perceived.
Echoic memory, auditory sensory memory, is a form of sensory memory for sounds that have just been perceived.
Example:Sensory memory includeseeing a dog, feeling gum under a chair, or smelling chicken noodle soup.
2. Short -term memory is the capacity for holding a limited amount of information in an active, readily available state for a short time. There are two ways that information enters short-term memory: from sensory memory or from long term memory.
Example:where you parked your car this morning, what you had for lunch yesterday, and remembering details from a book that you read a few days ago
3. Working memory has short-term storage and allow us to manipulate the materials in short-term memory. Although it shares similarities with short-term memory, it doesn’t simply storage material but involves dual processing and manipulation of the material.
Working memory consists of three components: thecentralexecutivesubsystem which acts as a supervisory system and controls the flow of information from and to other two systems: thephonological loopand thevisuospatial scratchpad. The phonological loop stores verbal content, whereas the visuospatial scratchpad stores visuospatial data.
Example:listening to a sequence of events in a story while trying to understand what the story means.
4. Long term memory refers to information that is represented on a permanent or near permanent basis. It has no known limits and is relatively durable. The Information in long-term memory doesn’t need to be continuously rehearsed.
The transfer of information from short-term memory into long-term memory is called consolidation. Information enters short-term memory and when is rehearsed long enough is transferred into long-term memory.
Example:recollection of an important day in the distant past (early birthday, graduation, wedding, etc), and work skills you learned in your first job out of school
There are also two other kinds of memory:
Episodic memory is associated with the events that take place in the life of an individual. And Semantic memory, consists of general knowledge and it is a long-term store of data, facts and information.
Memory can also be categorised as explicit or implicit.
The term explicit means the memory of information that we are aware of learning and there is an active recollection of studied material. Implicit memory on the contrary is the memory of information that are unintentionally learned and doesn’t rely on remembering specific information. Our behaviors and skills are an example of implicit memory.