5. Introduction to Immunology Flashcards
How can you improve your immunology knowledge?
Case based learning
Immunology handout
E-learning modules
Which physical and chemical barriers exist within the lungs
Muco-ciliary escalator Epithelial cells Nose hairs Mucous Enzymes Non optimal pH Alveolar surfactant
Which innate immune cells respond to infections within the lungs
Macrophages, Neutrophils- based in blood and recruited to area NK cells Dendritic cells Mast cell
What innate cells exist in the blood?
Basophils, esoniohils, monocytes,neutrophils
What innate cells exist in the Tissues?
Mast cells, Macrophages, Dendritic cells
What are released by the immune system when they recognise abnormal cells
Cytokines
What do cytokines do
Recruit more cells
Vasodilation
Adhesion molecules to get more cells in the area
Increased vascular permeability
What are the roles of the innate immune system?
Professional antigen presenting cells Cytokines Oposinisation Phagocytocis NK cytotoxicity Inflammation Activation of compliment
What are cytokines?
Large proteins
Act as a communication system- act locally or at distance
Regulate and co-ordinate the cells of innate and adaptive immunity e.g. regulate immune response
Produced during normal haematopoiesis
Produced in response to microbes, tissue damage or other antigens
Produced by many cell types esp. macrophages and T helper cells
How do dendritic cells infer an immune response
Sentinel for the immune system. Excellent at activating the adaptive immune system
They internalise a pathogen and process it into peptides which it presents as an antigen through the MHR II complex
How do NK cells perform apoptosis?
Releases perforin and granzyme. They perforin creates a pore in the cell membrane. The granzyme enters the cell and triggers apoptosis
What is opsonisation?
“preparing for eating”
reduces repellent negative cell charge
Increases number of binding sites for phagocytes
