5. Indian Nationalism

Question 1

When did Gandhi express his basic principles?

Answer 1

At the Home Rule Bill for India in 1909

Question 2

What method did Gandhi favour in accordance to his Hindu beliefs?

Answer 2

Favoured peaceful resistance to British rule

Question 3

What did Gandhi preach for between Hindus and Muslims?

Answer 3

He preached harmonious relations between Hindus and Muslims

Question 4

What aspect of British control did Gandhi reject?

Answer 4

He rejected industrialisation and urbanisation (western development in India;

Question 5

What was Gandhi’s fundamental goal?

Answer 5

An independent India built on spiritual and social traditions

Question 6

What did Gandhi campaign for? (One word)

Answer 6

Equality

Question 7

What did Gandhi place the most importance on?

Answer 7

The act of campaigning and protesting as he believed it was more important than any overall objective

Question 8

What type of activist was Gandhi?

Answer 8

A non-violent activist

Question 9

Why was Gandhi’s desire for the religious transformation of India problematic?

Answer 9

Because India was religiously diverse

Question 10

How did Gandhi wish to oppose the British?

Answer 10

With “love” and “truth”

Question 11

3 key figures of Indian nationalism (other than Gandhi)

Answer 11

Nehru
Chandra Bose
Jinnah

Question 12

NIC

Answer 12

National India Congress

Question 13

Who was elected as the NIC president in 1928?

Answer 13

Nehru

Question 14

How did Nehru’s views contrast with Gandhi’s views?

Answer 14

Nehru wanted modernisation and industrialisation of India, however Gandhi wanted increased agriculture

Question 15

What did Nehru become in 1947?

Answer 15

India’s first Prime Minister

Question 16

Who was elected the NIC president in 1938?

Answer 16

Chandra Bose

Question 17

What did Chandra Bose establish in 1943? Where?

Answer 17

Established the Indian National Army in Japanese-held Sumatra

Question 18

What did Chandra Boss aim to do?

Answer 18

He aimed to lead forces to free India

Question 19

How was Chandra Bose stopped from achieving his aims in 1945?

Answer 19

He died in a plane crash

Question 20

Who led the Muslim League from 1913?

Answer 20

Jinnah

Question 21

How did Jinnah’s 1920 views contract with his 1940 views?

Answer 21

He wanted Hindu-Muslim co-operation in 1920 but argued for a separate Muslim state in 1940

Question 22

Who was Jinnah appointed as in 1947?

Answer 22

Appointed as Pakistan’s first Governor-General

Question 23

Why was Indian nationalism far from a unified force?

Answer 23

Because whilst there was a shared goal to get Britain out of India, the nationalists were divided in terms of what an independent India should be and how it will be achieved

Question 24

3 key events of 1919 that contributed to India’s independence

Answer 24

Government of India Act
Rowlatt Act
Amritsar Massacre

Question 25

What led to the Government of India Act 1919?

Answer 25

Nationalists demands for autonomy after WW1

Question 26

What did the Rowlatt Act give British authorities the power to do?

Answer 26

The power to arrest anyone who protested against British rule

Question 27

What commission occurred from 1929-30?

Answer 27

The Simon Commission

Question 28

What did the Simon Commission do?

Answer 28

It reviewed the India Act and recommended: -provinces to be given more power -defence to remain in British hands -incorporating both provinces under British rule -(essentially decreasing India’s independence)

Question 29

What conference took place in 1931?

Answer 29

The Round Table Conference

Question 30

What did Britain reject at the RTC of 1931?

Answer 30

They rejected self-governing Dominion status for India

Question 31

Why didn’t Britain want India to be called a Dominion at the RTC of 1931? (2)

Answer 31

Prejudice about ability of non-white leaders Concern for India’s strategic and economic importance to Britain

Question 32

When was the second Government of India Act?

Answer 32

1935

Question 33

What did the 2nd GIA 1935 create?

Answer 33

The Federation of India

Question 34

Two ways that the Federation of India was created

Answer 34

Making provinces completely self-governing Expanding franchise from 7 million to 35 million people

Question 35

What does franchise mean?

Answer 35

The right to vote

Question 36

Who opposed the 2nd GIA and why?

Answer 36

The Congress Party because it didn’t give India full independence

Question 37

What did nationalists do in 1939 (outbreak of WW2)?

Answer 37

They suspended their protests and supported the British war effort

Question 38

What did Churchill promise the Indians in March 1942?

Answer 38

He promised them full dominion status

Question 39

UK Labour government opinion towards India in 1945

Answer 39

Believed it was no longer desirable or necessary to keep fighting for India

Question 40

What was decided in April 1947?

Answer 40

That India would be partitioned

Question 41

What was given in August 1947?

Answer 41

Independence to India and Pakistan

Question 42

What did independence to India and Pakistan bring about?

Answer 42

Chaos and violence

Question 43

What was introduced at the 1919 Government of India Act? What did it ensure?

Answer 43

A dyarchy was introduced, ensuring that Viceroy maintain control of the main areas of India (E.g. foreign affairs)

Question 44

What were Indians given control of by the 1919 Government of India Act?

Answer 44

Provincial councils run by elected Indian ministers

Question 45

Aim of the 1919 Government of India Act

Answer 45

To give the Indians a little bit of control, hoping it woukd reduce autonomy desires

Question 46

Power of the provinces following the 1929-30 Simon Commission

Answer 46

Provinces given more power

Question 47

Who had overall control of India following the Simon Commission 1929-30?

Answer 47

Britain still has overall control as defence and foreign affairs remained under control of Viceroy

Question 48

What were the 1930-31 Round Table Conferences?

Answer 48

A series of 3 conferences held in London

Question 49

Conclusion of the 1930-31 Round Table Conference

Answer 49

No agreement reached as Britain rejected idea of giving India the dominion status

Question 50

When was the 2nd Government of India Act?

Answer 50

1935

Question 51

What did the provinces become following the 1935 Government of India Act?

Answer 51

They became completely self-governing

Question 52

Why weren’t the provinces self-governing in practice following the 2nd Government of India Act?

Answer 52

Because anyone appointed leader of a province had to be chosen by the Viceroy and they could be suspended at any time