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British Empire - 3. Imperialism Challenged 1914-1947 > 4. India 1919-47 > Flashcards

4. India 1919-47 Flashcards

1
Q

How did British control in India appear going into WW1?

A

It appeared secure as India went into war for Empire

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2
Q

Challenges to British control in India by 1914

A

No huge challenged, but the challenges were brewing and building up

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3
Q

Which two nationalists movements threatened British control in India by 1914?

A

Indian National Congress
All Indian Muslim League 1906

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4
Q

What did nationalists in India do in protest of the partition of Bengal?

A

They boycotted British goods

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5
Q

What provoked protest against British control in India between 1899 and 1902?

A

Britain’s little involvement in the Indian famine

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6
Q

What were expectations and hopes high for in India by 1918?

A

Expectations and hopes were high in India that measures introduced during the war would be eased and that India would be given more autonomy

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7
Q

What report presented to British parliament in 1918 recommended an increase in self-government to India people?

A

The Montagu-Chelmsford Report

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8
Q

Government of India Act 1919

A

Allowed some limited self-government in India

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9
Q

What did the Rowlatt Act 1919 extent?

A

Extended repressive wartime measures in India, even though Indians had hoped for eased wartime measures

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10
Q

Example of repressive wartime measures in India

A

British authorities had power to arrest any Indian citizen without reason

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11
Q

What did the Rowlatt Act 1919 lead to?

A

Led to widespread anger and discontent among Indians

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12
Q

What sparked violent protests in India in 1919?

A

News that prominent Indian leaders had been arrested and banished from Amritsar

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13
Q

What did British troops ban in India in 1919?

A

Public gatherings

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14
Q

What happened on the afternoon of April 13 1919 in India?

A

A crowd of at least 10,000 men, women and children (who were peaceful protestors) gathered in an open space

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15
Q

General of British troops in India

A

Dyer

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16
Q

How did Dyer react to the gathering of 10,000 Indian peaceful protestors?

A

Dyer and his soldiers arrived, sealed off the exit and without warning, opened fire on the crowd

17
Q

How many people died and were wounded (according to the British government) during the shooting of the crowd of 10,000 peaceful protestors?

A

379 died
1,200 wounded

18
Q

What did the shooting of the crowd of 10,000 peaceful protestors in India become known as?

A

The Amritsar Massacre

19
Q

As soon as the troops ran out of ammunition following the Amritsar Massacre, what did they do?

A

They withdraw from the area and left behind the dead and wounded

20
Q

Why did Dyer order his soldiers to open fire on the crowd?

A

Because rheumatoid disobeyed the British ban of public gatherings

21
Q

Dyer’s reasoning for Amritsar massacre

A

Believed he had no choice but to open fire and believed he had to punish any Indians who weren’t totally obedient to British commands

22
Q

Consequences of Amritsar Massacre: British control in India

A

Hugely damages British control in India, providing Indian nationalist movements with more desire for independence

23
Q

Consequences of Amritsar Massacre: the Morning Post

A

The Morning Post newspaper titled Dyer as “The Man Who Saved India”

24
Q

How did Churchill describe the Amritsar Massacre?

A

Described it as a “monstrous event”

25
Q

Consequences of Amritsar Massacre: Dyer

A

Dyer didn’t suffer any consequences

26
Q

Impact of Amritsar Massacre: what did it create?

A

Created nationalist martyrs (propaganda victory for Indian civilians)

27
Q

Impact of Amritsar Massacre: what crisis did it lead to?

A

Led to crisis of confidence in Empire as it led people to question the moral superiority of Empire

28
Q

Impact of Amritsar Massacre: what did Indian Congress officials claim?

A

Indian Congress Officials claimed that the massacre showed Britain no longer had moral authority to govern Indian

29
Q

Impact of Amritsar Massacre: who did the massacre heavily influence?

A

Heavily influenced Gandhi

30
Q

Impact of Amritsar Massacre: violence

A

Led to further outbreaks of violence

31
Q

Impact of Amritsar Massacre: example of violence caused by massacre

A

Chauri Chaura incident

32
Q

Chauri Chaura incident

A

Violence erupted amongst Gandhi supporters and British troops opened fire on them, leading to protestors burning down police station

33
Q

Impact of Amritsar Massacre: House of Commons

A

House of Commons debates displayed serious divisions wonton British politics about the Empire

34
Q

Impact of Amritsar Massacre: what did the massacre galvanise?

A

Galvanised Gandhi’s Non-Co-Operation movement 1920-22

35
Q

Galvanise

A

Shock a group into taking action

British Empire - 3. Imperialism Challenged 1914-1947 (10 decks)

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