5. Hard landscaping Flashcards
1
Q
Describe Hard landscaping
A
- Any non-living materials used in a Garden design
- Usually dictated by the style of the garden and can be influenced by the house
- As important as planting as it helps to link all the elements of design
2
Q
Key considerations for Hard Landscaping
A
- Functional
- Affordable (within budget)
- Easy to maintain
- Readily available - Sustainable
- Should complement the overall design and link with the existing buildings
- No more than 3 different types in one design
3
Q
Types of Horizontal and vertical hard landscaping
A
Horizontal
- Patios
- Paths / Steps
- Driveways
- Utility areas
Vertical
- Boundary walls
- Screening
- Fences
4
Q
Why use Horizontal boundaries
A
- Creates a connection between spaces
- Allows movement between different areas of the garden
5
Q
Steps - Key considerations
A
- Must have shallow risers
- Landing needed after 11 steps
- Handrail may be needed on long flights
- Same materials can be used as paving (Stone, concrete, granite, bricks, timber)
- Combine materials to create interest e.g stone treds with brick risers
- Timber is versatile - could be sleepers, decking or machine rounded logs
6
Q
Why use Vertical boundaries
A
- Add visual interest
- Control movement
- May be governed by regulations - Max height of boundary wall 1.8m
- Materials may also be regulated in conservation areas
7
Q
Screening - Wattle
Fence
A
- Made from willow or Hazel
- Short term screening 5-10yrs
- Can create a partition while hedge it developing
- Best used in rural settings
8
Q
What is concrete made from
A
- Sand
- Cement
- Aggregate
- Water
- Laid in bays of timber framework that allows for expansion and contraction
- No more than 4m stretch
9
Q
Key uses for a Pergola
A
- A structure of uprights and overhead beans which plants can grow over
- Traditionally a covered walkway
- Provide height
- Add a 3d element into a flat space
- Provide privacy
- Provide a covered link between spaces
- Creates a division between spaces
- To frame a focal point
- Create an area of partial shade (Can be affected by position of rafters)
10
Q
Key considerations Formal Water Feature
A
- Bold, strong Geometric shape
- Set into paving
- Clear defined edges
- Little or no planting
- Can be raised or sunken
- Edge may form a seat
- If non-reflective use decorative tiles as a base
- If reflective use dark liner/stone as a base
- May stand alone or with sculpture
- Could have a fountain
11
Q
Key considerations Informal Water Feature
A
- Free form/ curved shape
- Simple shapes are easier to construct
- Best sited at lowest part of the garden - natural water collection
- Can be combined with Rock
- Mixed with natural planting
- Waterfalls can be introduced
- Soft edges, natural planting/ grass/ pebbles
12
Q
Why use a Water feature in a garden environment
A
- Water adds a feeling of ‘coolness’ in hot weather
- Can have a calming effect ‘peace and tranquility’
- Creates reflections/ introduces light
- Moving water brings movement and sound
- Creates a habitat for aquatic life
- Creates environment for water plants
13
Q
Key considerations of Water Fountains
A
- Often a major focal point
- Electricity needed for pump
- Wall/Bubble fountain much safer for young children (Low risk of drowning)
- Large fountains should be sited in a sheltered position away from direct wind
- Spray blown from fountain is wasteful and could cause a slip hazard
14
Q
Consider advantages and disadvantages of Hard landscaping materials
A
- Water drainage
- Carbon footprint
- Maintenance
- Longevity
- Resistance to insects and damage
- Suitability for cutting
- Suitability for wheelchairs
15
Q
Materials for Horizontal and Vertical Hard Landscaping
A
Horizontal
- Natural stone (sandstone, granite, slate)
- Timber
- Clay pavers/Bricks
- Gravel
- Concrete
- Plastic/composite
Vertical
- Natural stone
- Reconstituted stone
- Concrete (Block or poured)
- Timber (fence/screen)
- Metal sheets
- Glass blocks
