5-disturbances of cellular growth and differentiation Flashcards
1
Q
what are adaptive changes:
A
-changes in environment/injury
-sensed and responded to
2
Q
what is the response to an adaptive change
A
dictated by cell type and environment
-grow, shrink, divide, change
3
Q
Dysplasia might genetically acquire a _____
A
growth advantage or resistance to death
4
Q
Atrophy due to :
A
dec. nutrient supply, dec workload, disuse denervation, pressure, loss of hormonal stimulation, aging
5
Q
how does a cell shrink?
A
-dec. protein synthesis
-protein degradation (ubiquitination, autophagy)
-organelle degradation
6
Q
what is hypertrophy caused by:
A
-inc in organelles
-physiologic: PI3K/AKT
-pathologic: GPCR
-occurs in dividing and non dividing cells
7
Q
why is pregnancy different?
A
hormones
-estrogen attenuates cardiac hypertrophy in animal models
