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Histology > 5. Cytoskeleton > Flashcards

5. Cytoskeleton Flashcards

1
Q

What type filament is hollow while the other two are solid?

A

Microtubules

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2
Q

What type filament is made of different proteins depending on the cell type while the others always have the same from cell to cell?

A

intermediate

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3
Q

Put the 3 main types of fibers from smallest to biggest.

A

microfilaments–>intermediate–>microtubules

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4
Q

Where do actin microfilaments tend to be localized?

A

at the periphery of the cell. (Cell Cortex)

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5
Q

what provides support for the lipid bilayer of cell surface membrane (scaffolding)?

A

microfilaments (actin)

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6
Q

What is the backbone of certain types of cell processes like microvilli, terminal web?

A

microfilaments (actin)

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7
Q

What gives stabilization of integral membrane proteins (receptors) and subsequent focal adhesion site?

A

microfilaments (actin)

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8
Q

Each microvilli has internal actin microfilaments which then extends down and integrates into the _________.

A

terminal web

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9
Q

The terminal web integrates into _______.

A

zonula adherens

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10
Q

What interconnects each epithelial and integrates them into a continuous sheet, which gives the sheet and rooted microvilli more strength and support?

A

zonula adherens

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11
Q

what are the 4 players involved in anatomy of an attachment site for microfilaments.

A
  1. extracellular substrate for cell attachment
  2. Integrins
  3. Actin Binding protein
  4. Actin
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12
Q

___________: adhesion to ECM via integrin; stabilize cell morphology (can be permanent - epith to basal lamina - or transient - cell mvmnt)

A

Focal adhesion site

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13
Q

transmembrane protein bound to cytoskeleton on intracellular side & to the ECM on outside

A

integrin

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14
Q

_______: pharmacological; depolymerizes F-actin to G-actin

A

Cytochalasin B

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15
Q

______ & _______ bind to G actin and inhibit polymerization. They are also important for cell movement.

A

Profilin & thymosin

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16
Q

What connects integrin w/ F-actin?

A

Actin Binding Protein

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17
Q

AA sequence that connects w/ integrin and is found in collagen, fibronectin, & laminin

A

RGD = arginine glycine asparagine

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18
Q

What is the addition & removal of actin molecules to a fiber at the same rate?

A

Treadmilling

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19
Q

__ actin is a monomer

A

G

20
Q

__ actin is organized into fibers

A

F

21
Q

How do you regulate the length of a filament?

A

capping proteins

22
Q

What use myosin motors to move fibers?

A

Contractile bundles

23
Q

What bundles are used for organization and structure?

A

Parallel Bundles

24
Q

Contractile have what type of polarity?

A

opposite polarity

25
Q

Parallel bundles have what type of polarity?

A

same polarity

26
Q

What fiber is made of tubulin and radiates from the center of the cell?

A

Microtubules

27
Q

Microtubules are made of polymerized _______ dimers with alpha and beta subunits.

A

Tubulin

28
Q

The #___ alpha and beta subunits form each of the ___________.

A

13

protofibril ring

29
Q

Microtubules are in _____________with the available subunit pool.

A

dynamic equilibrium

30
Q

_______ is the “motor” that moves toward the plus end which is at the periphery of the cell.

A

Kinesin “kicks things out of the cell”

31
Q

________ deliver the vesicle to the periphery where the actin microfilaments are located.

A

microtubules

32
Q

_____ can move vesicles on MTs which are then moved by ____ on MFs.

A
  • MAP (microtubule associated proteins)

- myosin

33
Q

_______ is the “motor” that moves toward minus end.

A

dynein

34
Q

What is the mitotic apparatus made up of?

A

microtubules

35
Q

Microtubules are ____ in size while microfilaments are _____.

A
  • 25nm

- 7-10nm

36
Q

Colchichine destabilizes _________

A

Microtubules

37
Q

Cytochalasin B destabilizes ________

A

microfilaments

38
Q

______ move by MT’s sliding past one another.

A

cilia

39
Q

Stucturally the base of the axoneme has a __________ which has a 9+0 arrangement of triplet microtubules.

A

basal body (similar to a centriole)

40
Q

Fibers that integrate into the nuclear membrane both giving it support and helping to position the nucleus in the cell giving a “nuclear ghost” during staining.

A

Intermediate filaments

41
Q

______ are resistant to most enzymes and are extremely stable.

A

intermediate filaments

42
Q

What do intermediate filiaments bind to?

A
  • Terminal web
  • Each other (microtrabecular lattice)
  • desmosomes
  • nuclear pore complexes
43
Q

Cytokeratin- Filament type? Cell Type?

A
  • Tonofilament

- Epithelial

44
Q

Vimentin- Filament type? Cell Type?

A
  • intermediate filament

- fibroblast/smooth muscle

45
Q

Desmin- Filament type? Cell Type?

A
  • intermediate filament

- musle

46
Q

GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein)- Filament type? Cell Type?

A
  • Glial

- Astrocyte

47
Q

Lamins are present in what cell type?

A

all cell types

Histology (8 decks)

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