5- Cognitive Explanations of Depression Flashcards
when was Becks cognitive theory of depression?
1967
what did Beck create in order to help treat depression?
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy
what did Beck believe was the cause of depression?
someone’s way of thinking makes them more prone to depression, a persons cognitions create vulnerability
what are the main features of Becks theory?
- Negative self schema
- Faulty Information Processing
- Negative Triad
whats a negative self schema?
a negative package of information towards yourseld
whats a negative triad?
when someone maintains a negative and irrational perspective on the world
whats faulty information processing?
can shape the attention of a person, the failure of paying attention properly
what maintains a negative triad?
negative schemas and cognitive bias’
what is the negative triad made from?
a negative view of:
1. Yourself: “im a failure” these thoughts enhance existing feelings and confirm low esteem
2. World: “no hope” creates a sense of there being no hope
3. Future: “things would never get better” reduces hope enhancing depressive feelings
when was Ellis’ cognitive theory of depression?
1962
what was the main theory behind Ellis’ cognitive theory of depression?
similar to Becks, Ellis thought that irrational thinking was a key feature of depression but unlike Becks he thought it was the trigger of depressive states
what model did Ellis create to reflect his theory?
ABC model
describe the ABC model
A= ACTING EVENT: external event occurs which triggers…
B= BELIEFS: a range of irrational beliefs and emotions which…
C=CONSEQUENCES: produces emotional and behavioural consequences
list the three evidence pieces supporting Becks cognitive theory
- Clark and Beck 1999
- Grazioli and Terry
- Cotard 1880
outline Clark and Becks evidence
- meta analysis of studies relating to cognitive vulnerability
- provided detailed evaluations
outline Grazioli and Terry
- 65 pregnant woman were assessed for cognitive vulnerability
- those with high vulnerability were more likely to suffer post-natal depression
outline Cotards evidence
- false belief that you are dying
- 80% of sufferers show depression as a symptom
list the three pieces of evidence that support Ellis’ theory for depression
- Lipsy et al 1980
- Krantz 1976
- Bates 1999
outline Lipsky et als evidence
- proved Ellis theory had practical applications as it was used to create successful therapy
- challenged negativity and reduced depression
outline Krantz evidence
- depressed woman showed more errors when questions
- showing impact negativity had
outline Bates 1999 research
- discovered depressed people exposed to more negative thoughts became more depressed
what are the strengths of Becks theory of depression?
- has research strength
- real world application i.e. CBT
- partial application HOWEVER its not well explained by cognitive explanations
what are the strengths of Becks theory of depression?
- has research strength
- real world application i.e. CBT
- partial application HOWEVER its not well explained by cognitive explanations
what are the strengths of Ellis’ theory?
- ## real world application REBT therapy
what are the limitations of Ellis’ theory?
- only explains reactive depression
- poses ethical issues, ABC model ‘blames’ the patient
