5: Cardio Flashcards
Potassium
imbalance causes disruption of resting cell membrane potentials
deficiency: fatigue, weakness, postural HYPOTN, HTN
Magnesium
neutralizes anionic species (eg ADP, ATP)
cofactor in carb, lipid, protein, nucleic acid metabolism
cofactor in 2nd messenger systems for hormones, neurotransmitters
prevents coronary a. spasm
def can cause arrhythmias
IV for v fib and arrhythmia secondary to digoxin use
Vit D
may tx HTN
low levels assoc with PAD
Sources of Cu
Brazil nuts, almonds, pecans
Chromium
improves insulin sensitivity
modest decrease in serum cholesterol and increase in HDL
Vit C
antiox, anti-inflamm
atherosclerosis assoc with vit C def
support for CT
B5 Pantethine
precursor to CoA
may decrease total cholesterol
Choline
fat metabolism
lowers homocysteine
precursor to ACh
phosphatidyl choline may decrease atherosclerosis
Good sources of Calcium
Kelp, cheddar cheese, green leafy veggies
B3 Niacin
Only niacin (not nicinamide) effects serum lipids augment statin therapy
SEs: flushing, itching, urticaria, may alter blood glucose, hyperuricemia, worsening of unstable angina, macular edema, hyperpigmented skin lesions, GI sxs, ulcers
*hepatotoxicity!
Calcium and physiology
second messenger: musc contraction, neurotransmitter release, exocrine and endocrine gland secretion, chromosome movement
L carnitine
facilitates transport of FAs into mitochondria
increase exercise tolerance, survival time in LVEF
Omega 3s
precursor to PGE3, LK B5
IND: intermittent claudication, angina, decrease CRP, decrease TGs, athrosclerosis
Copper
cofactor for lysyl oxidase involved in collagen and elastin cross linking, neuropeptide/transmitter syn, release of stored Fe, cytochrome C
support for CT
Zinc
involved in alcohol DH, bone formation, SOD, collagen remodeling
antioxidant
Potassium effects on CV
anti HTN, decreases atherosclerotic plaques
decreased incidence of stroke
CoQ10
mitochondrial nutrient
antioxidant
IND: stable angina, improved endothelial fxn, increased EF (in CHF and dilated cardiomyopathy), HTN, MVP
Vit K
involved in clotting
cofactor in inhibitor of vascular calcification (Matrix Gla)
Ca effect on CV
can deposit in walls of arteries resulting in HTN and angina
deposition initiated by injury and inflammation
**ideal to get through the diet: dairy, bone broth*
B6 Pyridoxine
cofactor for lysyl oxidase, promotes collagen and elastin cross linking
decreases homocysteine
inhibits glycosylation of LDL
B12 Cobalamin
decreases homocysteine def may be assoc w carotid plaques
D Ribose
improves diastolic function in CHF
Riboflavin
component of FAD and needed for ATP def assoc with CHF
Good sources of potassium
avocado
potato (with peels)
banana
Selenium
cofactor in GSH peroxidases, T4 to T3, protein folding
def endemic in China (soil): Keshan cardiomyopathy
Magnesium and stress
catecholamines depletes Mg from myocardium
depletion increases catecholamine release and increases cardiotoxic effects of epinephrine
L Arginine
precursor to NO- vasodilator- improved endothelial function
improve exercise capacity
give with tocopherols
Calcium nutrient interactions
Ca supplementation may increase Mg requirement (and vice-versa)
Can result in poor absorption of Zn and Fe
LYS can increase absorption
B9 Folic acid
decreases homocysteine
improves endothelial dysfxn in those with CVD
Vitamin E - Tocopherols alpha, beta, gamma, delta
antioxidant in lipids
may inhibit platelet aggregation
