5-C,Si,Ge,Sn,Pb (14. Skupina)

Question 1

suha destilacija lesa ali premoga

Answer 1

Si + C (saje) → SiC (2000°C)

→ SiC → Si + C (grafit) (2200°C)

Question 2

Pridobivanje amorfnega Si

Answer 2

SiO2 + 2 C → Si + 2CO (2500 ºC)

Question 3

Si + močna kislina

Answer 3

Sn + 3 HCl → SiCl3H + H2

Question 4

pridobivanje Sn

Answer 4

SnO2 + 2 C → Sn + 2 CO

Question 5

bron

Answer 5

Cu + Sn

Question 6

cin

Answer 6

Pb + Sn

Question 7

Pridobivanje Pb (praženje galenita)

Answer 7

2 PbS + 3 O2 → 2 PbO + 2 SO2
PbS + 2 O2 → PbSO4

PbS + 2 PbO → 3 Pb + SO2
PbS + PbSO4 → 2 Pb + 2 SO2

Question 8

dodatna redukcija pri praženju Pb

Answer 8

PbO + CO → Pb + CO2

PbSO4 + 4 C → PbS + 4 CO
2 PbSO4 + 2 SiO2 → 2 PbSiO3 + 2 SO2 + O2
PbSiO3 + CO + CaO → Pb + CaSiO3 + CO2

Question 9

reakcije fulerenov

Answer 9

hidrogeniranje → C60H18, C60H36

fluoriranje → C60F46, C60F48

Question 10

C2(2-) acetilidni ion + elementi 1. in 2. skupne (razen Be in Mg) in Zn, Cd

Answer 10

CaC2 + 2 H2O → C2H2 + Ca(OH)2

Question 11

(segrevanje apna z ogljem brez zraka)

Answer 11

CaO + C → CaC2

Question 12

(CaC2 z vodo sprošča)

Answer 12

CaC2 + H2O → CaO + C2H2

Question 13

nastanek silanov (Mg2Si + kisl.)
podobno še germani do n=5 in stanana n=1,2

Answer 13

Mg2Si + 4 HCl → 2 MgCl2 + SiH4

Question 14

nastanek silanov iz SiCl4

Answer 14

SiCl4 + Li(AlH4) → SiH4 + LiCl + AlCl3

vedno nastane zmas silanov!!! n=1→10

Question 15

silani + voda

Answer 15

SiH4 + 2 H2O → SiO2 + 4 H2

Question 16

silani + zrak = FIRE!

Answer 16

SiH4 + 2 O2 → SiO2 + 4 H2O

Question 17

vodni plin

Answer 17

C(s) + H2O(g) → H2(g) + CO(g) (ΔH° = 131,1 kJ)

CO(g) + H2O(g) → H2(g) + CO2(g) (ΔH° = -41,1 kJ)

Question 18

CO2 + močen reducent

Answer 18

CO2(g) + 2 Mg(s) → C(s) + 2 MgO(s)

Question 19

CO2 in voda

Answer 19

CO2(aq) + H2O →H2CO3

počasno

Question 20

protoliza H2CO3

Answer 20

H2CO3 + H2O ↔ H3O(+) + HCO3(-)
(hitro → samo prva stopnja protolize)
Ka1 = 1,7*10^(-4)
Ka2 = 4,9*10^(-11)
→ srednje močna kislina

Question 21

ocetna kislina + voda

Answer 21

CH3COOH(aq) + H2O ↔ H3O(+) + CH3COO(-)

v trenutku

Question 22

NH3 + voda

Answer 22

NH3(aq) + H2O ↔ NH4(+) + OH(-)

Question 23

SO2 + voda

Answer 23

SO2(aq) + 2 H2O ↔ H3O(+) + HSO3(-)

Question 24

pridobivanje Na2CO3

Answer 24

2NaCl + CaCO3 → Na2CO3
+ CaCl2 (sumarno!!)

CaCO3 → CaO + CO2
CaO + H2O → Ca(OH)2

NaCl + NH3 + CO2 + H2O → NaHCO3 + NH4Cl
2 NaHCO3 → Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2

2 NH4Cl + Ca(OH)2 → 2NH3 + CaCl2 + H2O

Question 25

CO je anhidrid metanojske kiline

Answer 25

HCOOH → CO + H2O

Question 26

fozgen iz CO

Answer 26

CO + Cl2 →COCl2

Question 27

metanol iz CO

Answer 27

CO + 2 H2 → CH3OH