4-N,P,As,Sb,Bi (15. skupina)

Question 1

LAB: pridobivanje N2

Answer 1

NH4NO2 → N2 + 2 H2O

segrevanje

Question 2

LAB: pridobivanje P

Answer 2

Ca3(PO4)2+ 3 SiO2+ 5 C → 2 P + 3 CaSiO3+ 5 CO

nastane beli fosfor

Question 3

LAB: As iz arzenopirita

Answer 3

FeAsS → FeS + As

Question 4

LAB: As: praženje S rud

Answer 4

2 As2S3 + 9 O2 → 2 As2O3 + 6 SO2

Question 5

LAB: As: redukcija oksidov

Answer 5

As2O3 + 3 C → 2 As + 3 CO

Question 6

LAB: Sb (praženje in redukcija ISTO kot As)

Redukcija sulfidov

Answer 6

Sb2S3 + 3 Fe → 3 FeS + 2 Sb

Question 7

molekularni N in Li

Answer 7

6 Li + N2 → 2 Li3N

Question 8

Ionski nitridi - nastanek

iz npr Mg

Answer 8

MNH2 → M2NH → M3N

Mg3N2 + 6 H2O → 3Mg(OH)2 + 2 NH3

Question 9

NH3 direktna sinteza

Haber-Boschev postopek

Answer 9

3 H2 + N2 →2 NH3

kataliza z alfa Fe pri 500°C in visok tlak

Question 10

NH3 iz zraka in vode

Answer 10

4 N2 + O2 + 2 C → 4 N2 + 2 CO (eksotermna)
H2O + C → H2 + CO (endotermna)
CO + H2O → CO2 + H2

Question 11

avtoprotoliza NH3?

Answer 11

2 NH3 ↔ NH4(+) + NH2(-)

Question 12

NH3 raztapljanje

Answer 12

NH3 + H2O ↔ NH4(+) + OH(-)

Question 13

gorenje NH3

Answer 13

4 NH3 + 3 O2 → 2 N2 + 6 H2O

Question 14

Pt katalizirano gorenje NH3

Answer 14

4 NH3 + 5 O2 → 4 NO + 6 H2O

Question 15

segrevanje NH4(+) soli

Answer 15

(NH4)2Cr2O7 → Cr2O3+ N2+ 4 H2O

Question 16

HIDRAZIN nastanek

N2H4

Answer 16

2 NH3 + NaClO → N2H4 + NaCl + H2O

Question 17

hidrazin razpad

Answer 17

N2H4 + O2 → N2 + 2 H2O

Question 18

hidrazin PROTOLIZA

je šibkejša baza kot NH3

Answer 18

N2H4 + H2O ↔ N2H5(+) + OH(-)

N2H5(+) + H2O ↔ N2H6(2+) + OH(-)

Question 19

VODIKOV AZID: nastanek

HN3

Answer 19

N2H4 + HNO2 → HN3 + 2 H2O

PAZI dušikasta kislina HNO2

Question 20

fosfan je šibka baza

je MOČNEJŠI REDUCENT kot NH3

Answer 20

PH3 + H2O ↔ PH4(+) + OH(-)

Question 21

N2O in H2 = BOOM

Answer 21

N2O + H2 → N2 + H2O

Question 22

N2O3 in voda

Answer 22

N2O3 + H2O → 2 HNO2

Question 23

N2O5 pridobivanje
(iz konc HNO3)

Answer 23

4 HNO3 + P4O10 → 2 N2O5 + 4 HPO3

Question 24

N2O5 + Na

Answer 24

N2O5 + Na →NaNO3 + NO2

Question 25

N2O5 + I2

Answer 25

N2O5 + I2 → I2O5 + N2

Question 26

N2O5 v vodi

Answer 26

N2O5 + H2O → 2 HNO3

Question 27

N2O5 + H2O2

Answer 27

N2O5 + H2O2 → 2 HNO4 (HOONO2)

peroksidušikova kislina

Question 28

N2O5 razpad

Answer 28

2 N2O5 → 2N2O4 + O2

N2O4 → 2 NO2

2 NO2 → 2 NO + O2

Question 29

N2O ne reagira z ostalimi (edini ni strupen)

RAZPADE

Answer 29

2 N2O → 2 N2 + O2

Question 30

HNO3 pridobivanje (Ostwaldov postopek)

Answer 30

4 NH3 + 5 O2 → 4 NO + 6 H2O (Pt T=700°C)

2 NO + O2 → 2 NO2 (hladno)

2 NO2 + H2O → HNO2 + HNO3
3 HNO2 → HNO3 + 2 NO + H2O
2NO + O2 →2 NO2

(sumarno) 4 NO2 + 2 H2O + O2 → 4 HNO3

Question 31

HNO3 (star postopek - ČILSKI SOLITER)

Answer 31

NaNO3 + H2SO4 → HNO3 + NaHSO4

Question 32

zlatotopka

Answer 32

HNO3 + 3 HCl → NOCl + 2 H2O + 2 Cl

Question 33

HNO3 avtoprotoliza

Answer 33

H2NO3 → H2NO3(+) + NO3(-)

Question 34

NaNO3 razpad

Answer 34

2 NaNO3 → 2NaNO2 + O2

Question 35

Ca(NO3)2 razpad

isto za Pb

Answer 35

2 Ca(NO3)2 → 2 CaO + 4 NO2 + O2

2 Pb(NO3)2 → 2 PbO + 4 NO2 +O2

Question 36

Hg(NO3)2 razpad

Answer 36

Hg(NO3)2 → Hg + 2 NO2 + O2

Question 37

NH4NO3 razpad

Answer 37

NH4NO3 → N2O + 2 H2O

Question 38

dušikasta kislina nastanek

Answer 38

NO2 + NO + H2O → 2 HNO2

Question 39

P gorenje
(malo zraka)
(veliko zraka)

Answer 39

P4 + 3 O2 → P4O6 (ta je močen reducent in strupen)

P4 + 5 O2 → P4O10
ali P4O6 + 2 O2 → P4O10 + hV

Question 40

P4O10 in voda = EKSOTERMNO

Answer 40

x P4O10 + 2x H2O → 4 (HPO3)x

Question 41

peroksifosforjeva kislina

Answer 41

H4P2O8 + H2O → H3PO5 + H3PO4
ali
P4O10 + 4 H2O2 + 2 H2O → 4 H3PO5

Question 42

Fosfonska kislina nastanek

H3PO3, PIŠI H2PHO3

Answer 42

P4O6 + H2O → H3PO3
4 H3PO3 → PH3 + 3 H3PO4 (disproporcionacija zaradi toplote)

bolje:
PCl3 + 3 H2O → H3PO3 + 3 HCl

Question 43

Fosfinska kislina nastanek

H3PO2, PIŠI HPH2O2

Answer 43

4 P + 3 KOH + 3 H2O → PH3 + 3 KH2PO2
6 P + 4 KOH + 4 H2O → P2H6 + 4 KH2PO2

bolje:
PH3 + 2 I2 + 2H2O → H3PO2 + 4 HI

Question 44

Fosfinska kislina disproporcionira zaradi višje T

Answer 44

3 H3PO2 → PH3 + 2 H3PO3