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BDS3 R+M - Oral surgery > 5. Bleeding risk + haemorrage in OS patients > Flashcards

5. Bleeding risk + haemorrage in OS patients Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

What is haemorrhage?
What are the types of haemorrhage and when can they occur?

A

Haemorrhage = blood lost from a ruptured vessel

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3
Q

Haemostasis
What is haemostasis?
What are the types of haemostasis?
What are the stages of haemostasis?

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4
Q

What is coagulation?
What does coagulation occur through?

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5
Q

What is the coagulation cascade?
What are the different pathways?

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6
Q

Why is fibrinolysis

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7
Q

How is haemostasis controlled?

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8
Q

What happens if promotors of local haemostasis are overactive?
What happens if prevention of generalised thrombosis are overactive?

A
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9
Q

What are the causes of excessive over bleeding?

A

Abnormalities in blood vessels, platelets or coagulation

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10
Q

Blood vessel abnormalities
What are examples of inherited blood vessel abnormalities?
What are examples of acquired blood vessel abnormalities?

A
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11
Q
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12
Q

What is thrombocytopenia?

A

Thrombocytopenia = decrease in number of platelet count

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13
Q

What is the normal range of platelets?

A

Normal range = 150-400x 10^9/l

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14
Q

What is the minimum number of platelets needed for dental extraction?

A

50 x 10^9 / l

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15
Q

What is the minimum number of platelets needed for LA infiltration

A

30 x 10^9 / l

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16
Q

Abnormal platelets / platelet defects
What are examples of inherited platelet defects?
What are examples of acquired platelet defects?

A
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17
Q

Antiplatelet therapy
How does it work?
What is it used for?
Action?

A
18
Q

Antiplatelet therapy
What is traditional Antiplatelet therapy and examples?

A
19
Q

Antiplatelet therapy
What is new Antiplatelet therapy and examples?

A
20
Q

Antiplatelet therapy
What is dual antiplatelet therapy?
What are other drugs that can affect platelets?

A
21
Q

Can an Extraction be done with antiplatelet drugs ?

A
22
Q

What is Coagulopathy

A

Coagulopathy - Clotting of the blood is impaired = bleeding

23
Q

Coagulation Disorders
Examples of inherited coagulation disorders?
Examples of acquired coagulation disorders?

A
24
Q

What are the different anti coagulants dentists encounter

A

Warfarin
DOACS
Heparin/Clexane (injectable)

25
Q

Warfarin

Action?
Onset?
Monitoring?
Reversible?
Interactions?
Use?

A
26
Q

DOACS

Action?
Onset?
Monitoring?
Reversible?
Interactions?
Use?

A
27
Q

Heparin/Clexane

Action?
Onset?
Monitoring?
Reversible?
Interactions?
Use?

A
28
Q

What are examples of DOAC drugs?

A

Dabigatran
RivaroXaban
ApiXaban
EdoXaban

29
Q

How do DOAC drugs affect the coagulation cascade?

A
30
Q

Extraction on DOACs
Can Extraction be done on warfarin?

A
31
Q

Extraction on DOACs
What are the rules for extractions for other common doacs?

A
32
Q

Extraction on DOACs
Extraction when taking combination anticoagulants?

A
33
Q

How can we assess risk or likelihood of a patient bleeding following oral surgery intervention

A
34
Q

What do you do for extraction in a low risk patient for bleeding?

What do you do for extraction in a high risk patient for bleeding?

A
35
Q

Management of a bleeding patient?

Is it different for the different types of bleeding?

A
36
Q

Management of a bleeding patient using local haemostatic measures is as follows:

A
37
Q

What are the practical steps on achieving haemostatic control?

A

DIAGRAM 3 EXTRA
- ensure gauze pack is moist using saline to prevent blood clot being pulled out when gauze pack is removed
- soaking packet in tranexamic acid solution can help to further promote haemostasis

38
Q

What is tranexamic acid?

A
39
Q

What is tranexamic acid used for?

A
40
Q

What happens if attempt to stop bleeding are:
Successful?
Unsuccessful ?

A
41
Q

What does management of all medically complex patients involves :

A

BDS3 R+M - Oral surgery (10 decks)

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