4. Spread of Infection

Question 1

Question 2

Infection definition

Answer 2

Colonization/ invasion and multiplication of a micro-organism (bacteria/virus/fungus) in the body.

Question 3

Inflammation definition

Must know difference between INFECTION and INFLAMMATION

Answer 3

Body’s response to injury (bacterial/ viral/ trauma/ autoimmune)

Question 4

Spread of infection to facial tissues - how can infection be spread to facial tissues?

Answer 4

Either by Lymphatic or Tissue spaces

Question 5

What are tissue spaces?

Answer 5

Question 6

Spreading infection - Higher risk for?

Answer 6

Question 7

What is an abscess?

Answer 7

Abscess = collection of pus

Question 8

Orofacial abscesses
List:
- acute orofacial abscesses?
- chronic orofacial abscesses?

Answer 8

Question 9

How does infection spread?

Answer 9

Infection Follows path of least resistance

Question 10

What is the difference between an abscess and cellulitis?

Answer 10

Question 11

What factors determine pattern of local spread of infection?

Answer 11

Question 12

Facial spaces
What are the maxillary fascial spaces?
What are the mandibular fascial spaces?

Answer 12

Question 13

What are the boundaries of the spaces?

Answer 13

Question 14

boundaries
Diagram to show how spread of infection occurs

Answer 14

Question 15

Question 16

Label the letters

Answer 16

Question 17

Upper teeth infection
Can spread to ?
Swelling of?
Could cause?

Answer 17

Question 18

Mandibular incisors infection

Answer 18

Question 19

Signs of infection - Local
What are the local signs of infection

Answer 19

Question 20

Signs of infection - systemic
What are the systemic signs of infection?

Answer 20

Question 21

Symptoms of infection?

Answer 21

Pain
Malaise
Nausea
Dehydration

Question 22

Investigations for infection

Answer 22

Question 23

Culture and sensitivity tests

Answer 23

Question 24

Aspiration sampling of abscess

Answer 24

Question 25

Radiology What does No periapical radiolucency, +/- carious tooth, +/- PDL widening mean? What does Periapical radiolucency mean?

Answer 25

Question 26

Severe facial swellings

Answer 26

Question 27

What factors determine management of local infections?

Answer 27

Source of infection Extent of local spread Extent of systemic spread

Question 28

What are the complications of infection?

Answer 28

Question 29

Ludwig’s angina What is it? Signs and symptoms?

Answer 29

Question 30

Ludwig’s angina example of what it may look like

Answer 30

Question 31

Management of Ludwig’s angina

Answer 31

Question 32

Peritonsillar abscess (Quincy) Cause? Symptoms? Management? Complications?

Answer 32

Question 33

Management of infection

Answer 33

Question 34

Management of infection cont

Answer 34

Question 35

Treatment of localised infection in practice

Answer 35

Question 36

When do you refer to OMFS?

Answer 36

Question 37

https://www.fgdp.org.uk/antimicrobial-prescribing-standards

Question 38

Management for acute dento-alveolar infections

Answer 38

Question 39

What is the first choice antibiotic given? How often do you take it

Answer 39

Question 40

Second choice antibiotic

Answer 40

Question 41

Third choice antibiotic

Answer 41

Question 42

Question 43

Further spread within the fascial planes of the neck ( rare)

Answer 43

Question 44

Answer 44

- also had IV ABs

Question 45

- swelling left buccal region - due to carious tooth in LL region

Answer 45

Question 46

- swelling of right buccal + submandibular space

Answer 46

- intraoral can see pus exuding from the area buccally + lingually - can see its a LR8 - apices usu closer to lingual plate hence can see infection has perforated + spread above mylohyoid into the lingual space

Question 47

- incision + drainage of buccal abscess of lower mandible (video 24:30 onwards)