5. Biochemistry Flashcards
Incr in Albumin?
- Dehydration ( inc PCV, inc TP)
- Artefact
Decrease in ALbumin?
- dec Production:
- Liver disease(+/- inc (ALT) liver enzymes, may not if chronic, dec urea)
- PSS (dec Alb, dec glucose, dec urea)
- ↑ Loss:
- Protein losing enteropalhy ( +/- vomiting and diarrhoea decr globulins )
- Protein loslng nephropathy (Proteinuria,+/- azotaemia, no decr globulins)
- Haemorrhage ( decr PCV)
- Burns
- DIiution e.g. IV fluids (decr PCV, decrTP)
- decr Intake (malnutrition)
Describe Alkaline phosphatase?
ALP: Alkaline phosphatase
Produced by canalicular membranes
Different lsoenzymes In osteoblasts, chondroblasts and hepatobilary cells
CATS any Increase Is significant as normally has rapid clearance, indicates active inflammation
Increase in ALP causes?
INCREASED
• Liver damage (Inc ALT)
Liver disease, that can cause inc ALP only:
- Hyperadrenocorticism
- Idiopathic vacualar hepatopathy
- Hepatic neoplasia
- Nodular hyperplasia
- Drug Induction
Inc Cortisol (hyperadrenocorticism, chronic stress,
corticosteroids - cats no cortisol lsoenzyme)
Diabetes mellltus (incr blood and urine glucose)
Cholestasis (incr bilirubln, bile acids, incr GGt) .
Bone disease (lysis and hyperparathyroidism) (incr Ca+, PhO/l)
• Young growing animals {osteoblasts)
Hyperparathyroidism {incr Ca+, Phos)
• Hyperthyroidism (ALT)
Hypothyroidism (incr cholesterol)
• Carcinomas, osteosarcomas and mammary gland tumours
Where is ALT( alanine aminotransferase) produced?
- Produced by hepatocytes
- Minimal amounts from other cells renal, muscle, pancreatic cells
Causes of decreased of ALT?
Reduced liver mass
Puppies due to immaturity
Increased Ammonia?
• Liver failure (decr uptake) (cirrhosis and PSS):
(decr Alb, decr glucose, decr urea, incr bile acids, ammonium biurate
crystals (PSS))
• Haemolysis (incr bilirubin, decr PCV}
Amylase increase?
Up to 3 - 4 x incr
· Acute necrotising pancreatitis fIare-ups of chronic pancreatitis or obstruction of pancreatic ducts
• Renal failure (2·3 x incr) (incr azotaemia)
• Liver disease (incr ALD )
Ast increased and decreased?
Bile acids increased or decreased?
Bilirubin increased or decreased?
Blood urea nitrogen increased or decreased?
Calcium increased or decreased?
Ionised calcium increased and decreased?
Cholesterol increased or decreased?
Creatine kinase Increased?
Creatinine increased and decreased?
GGT incr?
Globulin incr and decr?
Glucose incr and decr?
Lipase incr?
Lipase incr?
Total protein increased and decreased?
