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CNS > 5. b. Brain Tumours > Flashcards

5. b. Brain Tumours Flashcards

1
Q

What is the location of the majority of brain tumours in adults vs in children?

A

Adults: supratentorial
Children: infratentorial

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2
Q

What is the presentation of brain tumours?

A 
Progressive neurological deficit
Symptoms of raised ICP
Seizures
Hydrocephalus
Haemorrhage
Endocrine disturbance (pituitary)
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3
Q

What investigations should be done into brain tumours?

A 
History and physical exam
MRI with contrast
CT of chest/abdomen/pelvis for primary
PET scan
CSF cytology
Pineal tumours: B-hCG, AFP
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4
Q

What cancer does immunosuppression increase the risk of?

A

Lymphoma

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5
Q

What are the most common primary brain tumours in adults?

A

Glial
Meningioma
Pituitary and pineal
Nerve sheath tumour

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6
Q

What is the most common glial tumour?

A

GlioBlastoma Multiforme
High grade
Peak 45-60

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7
Q

How are low grade glial tumours differentiated from high grade?

A

High grade is enhanced on CT

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8
Q

What is the treatment for GBM?

A

Maximal surgical resection
External beam radiotherapy
Temozolamide

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9
Q

What are the features of oligodendroglial tumours?

A

Grow slowly

Calcifications

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10
Q

What is the cell of origin of meningiomas?

A

Arachnoid cap cells

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11
Q

What is the treatment for meningiomas?

A

Focused radiation for small

Surgical resection

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12
Q

Where does a vestibular schwannoma arise from?

A

Vestibular branch of CNVIII

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13
Q

What are the features of a vestibular schwannoma?

A

Slowly progressive hearing loss
‘Ice cream cone’ shape
Obstructive hydrocephalus

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14
Q

Which mets in the brain can bleed?

A

Renal cell
Melanoma
Choriocarcinoma

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15
Q

What are the most common brain tumours in children?

A

Astrocytoma
Medulloblastoma
Ependymoma

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16
Q

Is a cerebellar astrocytoma benign or malignant?

A

Benign and slow growing

17
Q

What is the peak age for a cerebellar astrocytoma?

A

5-10

18
Q

Where does a medulloblastoma arise?

A

Cerebellar vermis

19
Q

Is a medulloblastoma benign or malignant?

A

Malignant and aggressive: seed along CSF pathway

20
Q

What gives a poor prognosis in a medulloblastoma?

A

Child is less than 3 as they can’t withstand radiation

21
Q

Where do ependymomas arise from?

A

Cells lining ventricles or central canal of the spinal cord

22
Q

Is a diffuse brain stem tumour benign or malignant?

A

Malignant with a very poor prognosis

23
Q

What are the symptoms of a diffuse brain stem tumour?

A

Cerebellar dysfunction
Cranial nerve palsies
Paresis

CNS (21 decks)

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