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CNS > 11. Neuropathy and Myopathy > Flashcards

11. Neuropathy and Myopathy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the features of upper motor neuron disease?

A

Increased reflexes and tone

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2
Q

What are the features of lower motor neuron disease?

A

Atrophy and fasciculations

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3
Q

How are neuropathies classified?

A

Neuronal or demyelinating

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4
Q

What is meant by Wallerian degeneration?

A

Distal part of the axon to the injury degenerates

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5
Q

What is the difference between the nerve impulses of axonal and demyelinating neuropathies?

A

Axonal results in decreased amplification

Demyelinating results in abnormally slow conduction but preserved amplitude

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6
Q

What is a polyneuropathy?

A

Symmetric and length dependent neuropathy

Usually starts in toes and spreads upwards

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7
Q

What is a mononeuritis multiplex?

A

Affects multiple random individual nerves

eg. in vasculitis

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8
Q

What is a mononeuropathy?

A

One nerve affected

eg. carpal tunnel

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9
Q

What are the causes of neuropathies?

A 
Vitamin B deficiency
Infection
Trauma
Autoimmune/vasculitis
Metabolic
Infiltrative
Neoplasm
Demyelinating and drugs
Hereditary
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10
Q

What infections can cause neuropathies?

A 
HIV
CMV
EBV
Leprosy
Lyme disease
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11
Q

What are the hereditary causes of neuropathy?

A

Charcot marie tooth

Friedrich’s ataxia

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12
Q

What does uniform and diffuse slow conduction on conduction studies suggest?

A

Hereditary cause

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13
Q

What antibodies are present in myasthenia gravis?

A

Anti-AChR
anti-MuSK
anti-LRP4

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14
Q

What is Lambert Eaton syndrome?

A

Paraneoplastic from a small cell lung cancer

Autoantibodies inhibit the pre-synaptic Ca++ channels which reduces the release of ACh

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15
Q

What are the inherited causes of myopathies?

A 
Dystrophies
Channelopathies
Metabolic
Mitochondrial
Congenital
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16
Q

What are the acquired causes of myopathies?

A 
Endocrine
inflammatory
Paraneoplastic
infections
Drugs and toxin induced
17
Q

What is Gover’s sign?

A

Seen in children with muscular dystrophy

Use hands to be able to stand up

18
Q

What is the specific sign of McArdle’s disease?

A

Dark urine

19
Q

Name drugs that cause neuropathies

A

Amiodarone
Nitrofuratoin
Dapsone
Cisplatin

CNS (21 decks)

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