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7153PSY > 5. ASD > Flashcards

5. ASD Flashcards

1
Q

behavioural features of ASD often present

A

before 3YO

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2
Q

co-occuring conditions

A

language and learning difficutlies
medical conditions
anxiety, depression, ADHD

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3
Q

neurodiversity affirming perspective

A

views brain-based and behavioural differences in autistic people as reflective of natural human variation

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4
Q

Cognitive mechanisms

A

weak central coherence/local processing bias: impairments in ability to integrate material into context, explains stregnths and cognitive deficits
theory of mind: representing and reasoning about other’s minds to understand and predict others behaviours; addresses social/language impairments
executive functioning: impairments in planning, changing set, flexibility of thought; addresses non social aspects

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5
Q

central coherence

A

focusing on details rather than big picture
unable to filter out unwanted informaiton
explains strengths- good rote learning, local processing bias
explains challenges-difficulty with comprehension or understanding a theme due to having a stregnth in local processing, alongside a deficit in global processing

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6
Q

ASD assessment

A

General developmental assessment
language
social development
ASD screening
medical review, SLP, adaptive behaviour, audiological assessment, vision assessment

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7
Q

Vineland 3

A

9 core and 4 optional subdomains
core domains: communication, daily living skills, socialisation, motor skills, maladaptive behaviour. limited measures of motor skills and maladaptive behaviour
consistent with AAIDD and DSM-V crieria for IDD
most common

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8
Q

ABAS-III

A

11 skill areas in 3 domains: conceptual, social, practical
consistent with AAIDD and DSM-V criteria for IDD
less widely used

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9
Q

Scales of independent behaviour revised (SIB-R)

A

14 subscales, 4 clusters: motor skills, personal living skills, social interaction and communication skills, community living skills and problem behaviour skills
adaptive and maladaptive behaviour

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10
Q

ASD screening tools

A

M-CHAT (16-30MO)
DBC-ASA (4-18YO)
SCQ >4YO
SRS .2.5Y
ASSQ 6-17 YO
CAST 4-11 YO
ASAS 5-18 YO
AQ-10 16YO+

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11
Q

When to screen adults for ASD

A

one or more of:
- persistent difficulties in social interaction, social communication or stereotypic behaviours/resistance to change/restricted interests

AND
one or more of:
- problems in obtaining or sustaining employment or education, difficulty intiiating or sustaining social relationship, previoous/current contact with metnal health or learning disability services, history of NDC or MI

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12
Q

When to screen infants for ASD

A

current diagnostic tools designed for children >24 MO and diagnosis tends to be more stable from 2-3YO
Characteristics of ASD may be evident from 12-18MO

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13
Q

Who can diagnose for NDIS access

A

MDT
lead medical practitioner (paed, psychiatrist, med prac with 6 y experience)
clin psych/neuropsych/ed and dev psych
assessed using DSM-V-TR diagnostic criteria as level 2 or 3

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14
Q

Who can diagnose for Qld education

A

EAP verification form
EAP or diagnostic report/letter signed by a registered paediatrician, psychiatrist, neurologist or psychologist with a practice endorsement in clinical, education and developmental or neuropsychology

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15
Q

Who can diagnose for disability pension

A

clinical psych only ok

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16
Q

best practice assessment

A

more comprehensive and using tools validated by research (clinical interview using ADI-R and direct assessment using ADOS-2), but not required for diagnosis by Australian guidelines
additional assessment: LSP, dev assessment, assessment of MH, informants across settings

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17
Q

social skill questionnaires

A

SRS
SSRS
VABS, ABAS (social skill section of adaptive measures)

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18
Q

social communication questionnaires

A

CCC-2
CCAdults

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19
Q

repetitive behaviours/interests questionnaires

A

sensory profile
repetitive behaviour questionnaire
repetitive behaviour scale revised
adult repetitive behaviours questionnaire - 2

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20
Q

direct assessment

A

gold standard ADOS-2
Creates structured enviornment where ASD behaviours can be observed
30-60min
module chosen based on language level/age

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21
Q

disadvantages direct assessment

A

ADOS-2 may miss those with higher verbal abilities or who have learned tasks (pretend play), can instead observe in real world setting or elicit these behaviours

22
Q

Diagnosis tools for adults without IDD

A

AAA, AQ, EQ
ADI-R
ADOS-2
ASDI
RAADS-R

23
Q

Diagnosis tools for adults with IDD

A

ADOS-2 but use with caution if minimally verbal activities are designed for children and not age appropriate
ADI-R

24
Q

adult assessment- enquire about…

A

core ASD symptoms- childhood and continuing into adulthood
early developmental history where possible
behavioural problems
funcitoning at home, school, work
past/current physical/mental conditions
other NDC
hyper and/or hypo sensitivities, attention to detail
condcut direct observations of core autism signs and symptoms especially in social situations

25
Q

information regarding social interaction and/or communication domain

A

receptive language
expressive language
social comm

26
Q

information regarding repetitive behaviour

A

sensory motor assessment
behaviour assessment
mental health assessment
neurological assessment

27
Q

ASD levels of intervention

A

comprehensive treatment models
focused intervention practices (FIP)

28
Q

Comprehensive treatment models

A

longer term packages of practices designed to address multiple domains over an extended period
e.g. TEACCH

29
Q

FIP

A

Short term practices designed to address a specific learning area
picture exchange communication system (PECS), reinforcement, prompting

30
Q

Antecedent based intervention (ABI)

A

arranging events preceding interfering behaviour, designed to reduce behaviour

31
Q

CBI

A

instruction or management or control of congitive processes leading to changes in overt behaviours

32
Q

differential reinforcement of alternative, incompatible or other behaviour (DRA/I/O)

A

rienforcement when engaged in a sipecific desired behaviour other than the inappropriate behaviour (DRA)
Learner engaged in behaviour physically impossible to do while showing inappropriate behaviour (DRI)
when learner not engaged in interfering behaviour (DRO)

33
Q

discrete trial teaching

A

one teacher and one student/client teaching appropriate behaviour or skills
massed trials
each trial: teacher instruction, client response, carefully planned consequence, pause prior to presenting next instruction

34
Q

exercise (ECE)

A

increase in physical exertion to reduce problem or increase appropriate behaviour

35
Q

extinction (EXT)

A

Withdrawal or removal of reinforcers of interfering behaviour to reduce occurrence of that behaviour
sometimes single intervention, but often in combination with functional behaviour assessment, functional communciation training and differential reinforcement

36
Q

FBA- functional behaviour assessment

A

systematic collection of information to identify functional contingencies supporting behaviour

37
Q

functional communication training (FCT)

A

replacement of interfering behaviour that has a communication function with more appropriate communication that accomplishes the same function
usually includes FBA, DRA and/or EF

38
Q

modelling

A

demonstrating desired target behaviour with modelling

39
Q

naturalistic intervention (NI)

A

intervention in natural setting or routine

40
Q

parent implemented intervention (PII)

A

parents deliver intervention in home or community through structured parent training program

41
Q

peer mediated instruction and intervention (PMII)

A

PEERS INTERACT AND HELP LEARN SOCIAL AND BEHAVIOUR SKILLS

42
Q

Picture exchange communication system (PECS)

A

initially taught to five picture of desired item to partner in exchange for desired item
six phases: How to communciate, distance and persistence, picture discrimination, sentence structure, responsive requesting and commenting

43
Q

pivotal response training (PRT)

A

learning variables llike motivation and self initiation guide intervention practices to build on learner initiative

44
Q

prompting, reinforcement, response interruption/redirection (RIR), scripting

A

prompting in target behaviour or skill
increasing occurrence of behaviour
comment or distracter when interfering behaviour occurs to divert attention away from interfering behaviour to reduce it
verbal or written descruption to model learning

45
Q

self management

A

learner discriminated between appropriate and inappropriate behaviours, monitor, record and reward

46
Q

social narratives

A

describe social situation in detail,

47
Q

social skills training

A

instructions on basic concepts, role playing or practice, feedback

48
Q

structured play group

A

clearly defined theme and role by adult leading play with specifically selected typically developing peers, prompting and scaffolding as needed to support performance

49
Q

task analysis

A

activity divided into manageable steps to assess and teach skills
reinforcement, modelling, time delay facilitate this

50
Q

technology aided instruction and intervention

A

technology central feature for acquisition of goal

51
Q

social skill intervention

A

determine target behaviour
collect baseline data
operationally define goal
select content of sessions, instructional strategies, incorporate items or activities that are rewarding for the individuals

52
Q

social story checklist

A
  1. Does the story answer the relevant “wh” questions?
  2. Is it written in the 1st person (as if the child is describing the
    event?)
  3. Does the story have a positive tone?
  4. Does it adhere to the ratio (0-1 directive, and 2-5 descriptive,
    perspective, affirmative, or co-operative)?
  5. Is the story literally accurate? Can it be interpreted literally
    without altering the intended meaning?
  6. Is the vocabulary/language appropriate to my child?
  7. What visual supports do I need to add to enhance
    understanding?
  8. Has the child’s interests been incorporated if possible?
  9. Overall, does the story have a patient and reassuring quality?

7153PSY (11 decks)

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