5 - Approaches in Psychology Flashcards
Describe what Wundt discovered
Introspection - gaining knowledge about your mental state by examining your thoughts and feelings
Where and when was the first “lab” set up?
Leipzig, Germany (1870)
What is functionalism?
The function of thoughts and behaviours
What is structuralism?
Breaking things down in their most basic parts
What are Freud’s 5 psychosexual stages?
- O - ral
- A - nal
- P - hallic
- L - atency
- G - enital
Who discovered classical conditioning?
Pavlov
Describe the stages of Pavlov’s findings
Lab experiment with dogs
- Unconditioned stimulus (natural stimulus in any reflex) leads to unconditioned response (natural response to stimulus)
- Neutral stimulus + unconditioned stimulus = conditioned stimulus, which produces conditioned response
Who discovered operant conditioning?
Skinner
Describe the stages of Skinner’s findings
Lab experiment with rat in a box
- Rat presses lever for food > positive reinforcement (increased action)
- Rat presses lever to stop shock > negative reinforcement (increased action)
- Press lever to receive shock > punishment (stops action)
What are the four mediational processes?
- Modelling
- Imitation
- Identification
- Vicarious reinforcement
What were the procedures of Bandura’s study?
- Children observed adult’s towards doll
- They were tested to see how much they would imitate the adult’s behaviour
- Half the children were exposed to non-aggressive behaviour, half with aggression
What were the findings of Bandura’s study?
- Children with aggressive models mostly copied their behaviour
- Children with non-aggressive models mostly copied their behaviour
What is a computer model?
Input > process > output
What is a schema?
A mental plan consisting of expectations that we use to make decisions
What does Beck’s triad show?
Shows how the thought about ourselves, other and the future interact with each other
