5. Anxiety Flashcards
What is anxiety? (Anxiety psychobiology)
The feeling of dread of fear
When is the term anxiety usually used? (Anxiety psychobiology)
When there is no reasonable external cause for the feelings
What does the term clinical anxiety refer to? (Anxiety psychobiology)
Pathological interfering with other activities and priorities
What are the 3 main drug based treatments for anxiety? (Anxiety psychobiology)
- Barbiturates mepobromate
- Benzodiazepines
- Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
What are barbiturate mepobromates? (Anxiety psychobiology)
- They act in a non-specific way
- Create a dependence
What are benzodiazepines? (Anxiety psychobiology)
- Anxiolytic effect
- Initially thought to not induce dependence, but now is a major factor in their use
What are selective serotonin repute inhibitors? (Anxiety psychobiology)
- Main pharmacological treatment
- Do have a delayed onset of action
When did clinical use of barbiturate mepobromates cease? (Anxiety psychobiology)
1960
What two ways can psychopharmacological treatments be looked at? (Anxiety psychobiology)
- Disease centred model
- Symptom entered model
What does the disease centred model suggest? (Anxiety psychobiology)
The drug restores normal functioning to the brain
What does the symptom model suggest? (Anxiety psychobiology)
Drugs produce specific changes in aspects of mood, motivation and cognition that makes the condition less disabling
What is the most common neurotransmitter in the synapse of a human? (Anxiety psychobiology)
GABA
What does depolarisation lead to in a synapses? (Anxiety psychobiology)
Release of GABA
What does a release of GABA into the synapse do? (Anxiety psychobiology)
Acts on the postsynaptic GABA receptors to then be transported back to the presynaptic terminal by the repute pump
How many subunits is a GABA receptor made up of? (Anxiety psychobiology)
5
What are the GABA subunits? (Anxiety psychobiology)
Complex protein molecules
What do benzodiazepines do? (Anxiety psychobiology)
Enhance the effect of GABA
What happens in the early phase of benzodiazepines? (Anxiety psychobiology)
Sodium enters the axon and depolarises
What happens in the late phase of benzodiazepines? (Anxiety psychobiology)
Potassium leaves the axon, depolarises and briefly hyper polarises
What is the amygdala seen to be involved in? (Anxiety psychobiology)
Fear conditioning in rats
Where do complex neutral loops run between? (Anxiety psychobiology)
The cortex, striatum and the thalamus
What are neutral loops responsible for? (Anxiety psychobiology)
Modulation of motor output and cognition
What neutral loop is most important in anxiety? (Anxiety psychobiology)
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
