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Erik's IHO Week 5 > 5-24 KRAFTS Non-Hodgkins > Flashcards

5-24 KRAFTS Non-Hodgkins Flashcards

1
Q

What’s the difference btwn Leukemia and Lymphoma?

A 
Leuk –
Starts in BM, spreads
Myeloid or lymphoid
Classified as Acute or Chronic
	Lymph –
Starts in lymph node, spreads
Lymphoid only
Classified as Hodgkin or non-Hodgkin
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2
Q

What is the MOST COMMON CAUSE of lymphadenopathy?

A

Benign rxn to infection

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3
Q

What is the MOST COMMON MALIGNANT CAUSE of lymphadenopathy?

A

Metastatic carcinoma! (Not lymphoma!!!)

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4
Q

What are the 4 things you must know about Follicular Hyperplasia?

A

Large, irregular follicles in lymph node
Mixture of cells in germinal centers (heterogenous)
Tingible body macrophages
Normal B-cell response to some immune stimulus

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5
Q

What are the 4 things you must know about INTERfollicular Hyperplasia?

A

Expanded area btwn follicles
Mixture of cells
Partial effacement
Normal T-cell response to immune stimulus

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6
Q

What’s the rule of thumb for a benign lymphadenopathy vs a malignant one?

A

Benign ones tend to hurt, malignant ones don’t

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7
Q

What are the 4 things you must know about Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma?

A

Malignant prolif of lymphoid cells (blasts or mature) in lymph nodes
“Skips around”
Many subtypes
Most are B-cell

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8
Q

What are Sx of NHL?

A

Firm painless lymphadenopathy
Extranodal manifestations
“B” sx - ↓wt, night sweats, fever

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9
Q

What are Low-Grade vs High Grade NHL?

A 
Low grade – 
		Older patients
		Indolent (incurable!)
		Small, mature cells
		Non-destructive
	High grade –
		Sometimes kids
		AGGRESSIVE (curable? w/ chemo?)
		Big, ugly cells
		Destructive
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10
Q

What does “indolent,” mean?

A

Means cells just kindof accumulate

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11
Q

What are the 4 things you must know about Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma?

A

= CLL
Small mature lymphocytes
B-cell lesion, but CD5+
Long course, death from infxn

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12
Q

What are the 4 things you must know about Marginal Zone Lymphoma?

A

It’s actually a bunch of different lymphomas
They exhibit marginal zone pattern
Malt lymphoma is one
Helicobacter pylori is found in MALT

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13
Q

What happens if you give H.pylori antibiotic to Malt lymphoma patient?

A

H.pylori goes away, and Malt Lymphoma disappears!

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14
Q

What are the 4 things you must know about Mantle Cell Lymphoma?

A

Mantle zone pattern
Small angulated lymphocytes
t(11; 14) – bcl-1 and IgH
More aggressive

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15
Q

What does the 14 indicate in t(11; 14)?

A

14 is location of the heavy chain gene. That’s transcribed ALL THE TIME in lymphocytes!

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16
Q

What is the MOST COMMON NHL?

A

Follicular Lymphoma!

17
Q

What are the 4 things you must know about Follicular Lymphoma?

A

Follicular pattern (later diffuse)
Small cleaved cell, mixed or large cell
Grade 1, 2, or 3
t(14; 18) – IgH and bcl-2

18
Q

What do the different grades in Follicular Lymphoma indicate?

A

Lower grade = smaller, less ugly cell

Prognosis linked to grade. Grade 1 patients do better.

19
Q

What is the difference between grading and staging of cancer?

A

Staging – Looking at patient and see how far the DISEASE HAS SPREAD
Grading – what you do when you look under the microscope

20
Q

What are the characteristic cells you see in blood w/ Follicular Lymphoma?

A

BUTT CELLS!

21
Q

What are the 4 things you must know about Mycosis Fungoide / Sézary Syndrome?

A

Skin lesions
Blood involvement
CEREBRIORM LYMPHOCYTES!
T-cell immunophenotype

22
Q

Why is it called “Mycosis fungoides?”

A

Means “mushroom mushrooms, or fungus mushrooms.”

B/c natural disease progression is flat lesion  raised lesion  big nodule

23
Q

What are the 4 things you must know about Diffuse Large-cell Lymphoma?

A

Large B-cells
Extranodal involvement
Grows rapidly
Bad prognosis

24
Q

What are the 4 things you must know about Lymphoblasitc Lymphoma?

A

= ALL
Two types: B & T
Lymphoblasts in diffuse pattern
T-lymphoblastic lymphoma often in teenage male w/ mediastinal mass

25
Q

What are the 4 thinsg you musut know about Burkitt Lymphoma?

A

= Burkitt leukemia
Child w/ fast-growing, extranodal mass
“Starry-sky” pattern
t(8; 14)

26
Q

What are the 2 variants of Burkitt Lymphoma?

A

African variant – in face

Non-African variant – in abdomen

27
Q

What does the “starry-sky pattern” refer to in Burkitt Lymphoma?

A

BM biopsy – all dark blue (b/c lymphocytes) w/ little white things (tingible body macrophages)

28
Q

What other characteristic cell should tip you off to Burkitt Lymphoma?

A

B-cells w/ distinct vacuoles

29
Q

What are the 4 things you must know about Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma?

A

Seen in Japan/Caribbean basin
HTLV-1 (virus)
Skin lesions, hypercalcemia
Very aggressive

30
Q

What are the only T-cell NHL’s?

A

Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma

Mycosis Fungoides/Sezary Syndrome

Erik's IHO Week 5 (7 decks)

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