5

Question 1

type of dependence

Answer 1

physical and psychological

Physical dependence : dependence that involves physical–somatic withdrawal symptoms (e.g., tremor, fatigue)
Pyschological dependence : dependence that involves emotional–motivational withdrawal symptoms (e.g., dysphoria and anhedonia)

Question 2

cardinol symptoms of dependance ?

Answer 2

Tolerance: Does the patient tend to need more of the drug over time to get the same effect?
Withdrawal symptoms: Does the patient experience withdrawal symptoms when does not use the drug?

Question 3

other symptoms of dependance ?

Answer 3

Continued use of drug despite harm: Is the patient experiencing physical or psychological harm from drug?
Loss of control: Does the patient take the drug in larger amounts, or for longer than planned?
Attempts to cut down: Has the patient made a conscious, but unsuccessful, effort to reduce its drug use?
Salience: Does the patient spend significant time obtaining or thinking about the drug, or recovering from its effects?
Reduced involvement: Has the patient given up or reduced his or her involvement in social, occupational or recreational activities due to the drug?

Question 4

main structure involved

Answer 4

The medial forebrain bundle (MFB), Mesocorticale and Mesolimbic dopaminergic neurones
NAc : Nucleus Accumbens
PFC : Prefrontal Cortex
VTA : Ventral Tegmental Area

Question 5

types of drugs

Answer 5

stimulant, sedatifs et dissociatif

Question 6

mice models to test drug

Answer 6

Injections : acute, chronic. Conditioning response. Stereotype
Withdrawal (spontaneous / precipitation), we can precipitate by injecting an agonist (cf, morphin/malloxan)
Conditioning place preference or aversion. Also used for spontaneous pain with an analgesic
Self-administration (oral ; i.v. ; intra-cerebral; lever vs nose poke) : Acquisition, maintenance, dose-response, progressive-ratio, relapse
Auto-stimulation

Question 7

Opiates

Answer 7

morphine and Heroin

pleasure analgesia

Question 8

Amphetamines

Answer 8

MDMA, D-amphétamine (AMPH), Methamphetamine (METH)

Question 9

cannabinoid ?

Answer 9

CB1 : metabotropic, coupled with Gi/o (inhibition of adenylate cyclase). Act on cerebral structures.
Augmentation of DA in the nucleus accumbens in mu-dependent manner