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NeuroAnatomy > 4th Neuroanatomy Lecture Exam - Reticular Formatiom and the Limbic System (Batch ?) > Flashcards

4th Neuroanatomy Lecture Exam - Reticular Formatiom and the Limbic System (Batch ?) Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Baroreceptors located in the carotid sinus in the common carotid artery and the aortic arch are sensitive to change in the blood pressure, when the BP rises afferent stimuli from the carotid sinus ascend in the Xth nerve and reach the nucleus solitarius, likewise, afferent stimuli ascend from the aortic arch through the vagus nerve connector neurons in the medulla and activate the
    A.AV node
    B.SA node
    C. Dorsal nucleus of the Vagus nerve
    D. Cardiac plexus
A

AV node

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2
Q

2.The result of the events in the previous question is, Required to answer.
A.Rise in BP
B.BP falls
C. Heart rate is normal
D. increase in the force of heart contraction

A

BP falls

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3
Q
  1. Corpus Striatum is composed of:
    A.Caudate and Putamen
    B.Caudate and Globus Pallidus
    C. Putamen and Globus Pallidus
    D. Caudate, Putamen and Globus Pallidus
A

Caudate, Putamen and Globus Pallidus

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4
Q
  1. Regarding the anatomy of the basal ganglia, which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
    A. The majority of cortical projections to the basal ganglia are to the striatum and subthalamic nucleus
    B. The globus pallidus projects to the thalamus, which in turn, projects to the motor cortex
    C. The striatum consists of the caudate and putamen
    D. The major outflow of the basal ganglia arises in the putamen
A

The major outflow of the basal ganglia arises in the putamen

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5
Q
  1. The following intracranial arteries are part of the Anterior circulation except:
    A. Middle cerebral artery
    B. Posterior communicating artery
    C. Posterior cerebral artery
    D. Anterior cerebral artery
A

Posterior cerebral artery

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6
Q
  1. Large collections of sympathetic and parasympathetic afferent nerve fibers and their associated ganglia together with visceral afferents form the autonomic plexuses in the entire body cavity close to the visceral organs
    A. Thorax
    B. abdomen
    C. pelvis
A

Thorax

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7
Q
  1. Cord edema is best evaluated with MRI
    A. Option 2
    B. X-ray
    C. Bone
    D. CT Myelography
A

CT Myelography

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8
Q
  1. The control of the skeletal muscles, somatic and visceral sensations, the autonomic nervous system, circadian rhythms the endocrine system and the ARAS is achieved by,
    A.The ARAS alone
    B.the reticular formation and the hypothalamus
    C. The hypothalamus alone
    D. The limbic system and the hypothalamus
A

B.the reticular formation and the hypothalamus

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9
Q

These nerve cells influence the level of consciousness and alertness
A. reticular nuclei
B. anterior nuclei
C. intralaminar nuclei
D. midline nuceli

A

intralaminar nuclei

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10
Q

The afferent arm of the sympathetic system passes from the viscera to the sympathetic ganglia without synapsing and passes to the lateral gray column from level T1 to L2 then back to the viscera as post-ganglionic fibers, the neurotransmitter here is,
A. Acetylcholine
B. Norepinephrine
C. Glutamine
D. GABA

A

Norepinephrine

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11
Q
  1. The production and release of ACTH, FSH, LH, TSH, GH are brought about by,
    A. Release-inhibiting hormones
    B. Portal system
    C. Autonomic system
    D. Releasing hormones
A

Releasing hormones

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12
Q
  1. TRUE of caudate, except:
    A. It is the output center for the basal ganglia
    B. None, all are true
    C. It is a C-shaped mass of gray matter
    D. It is located medial to the internal capsule
A

It is located medial to the internal capsule

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13
Q
  1. Pre-ganglionic sympathetic fibers descend to the medulla of the adrenal gland here the transmitter substance released at the nerve ending is,
    A. Adrenaline
    B. Acetylcholine
    C. Glutamine
    D. Norepinephrine
A

Acetylcholine

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14
Q
  1. Neuro-secretory cells responsible for the production of releasing hormones and release-inhibiting hormones are produced mainly by
    A. Tubero-mammillary nucleus
    B. Medial zone of the hypothalamus
    C. Supra-optic nucleus
    D. Lateral zone of the hypothalamus
A

Tubero-mammillary nucleus

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15
Q
  1. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT regarding the Basal ganglia?
    A. The substantia nigra pars compacta normally inhibits the indirect pathway and excites the direct pathway
    B. None, all are correct
    C. Decreased thalamocortical activity results in hyperkinetic movement movement disorders and increased thalamocortical activity results in hypokinetic movement disorders
    D. Parkinson’s disease results from degeneration of substanta nigra pars compacta
A

Decreased thalamocortical activity results in hyperkinetic movement movement disorders and increased thalamocortical activity results in hypokinetic movement disorders

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16
Q
  1. This part of the brain is concerned with converting recent memory to long term memory, this is the,
    A. Amygdala
    B. Dentate gyrus
    C. Cingulum
    D. Hippocampus
A

Hippocampus

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17
Q
  1. These relay information to the primary somatosensory cortex (Brodmann 3, 1,2) by way of the posterior limb of the internal capsule then through the corona radiata
    A. Red nuclei
    B. Median nuclei
    C. Ventral posterior lateral nuclei
    D. Ventral anterior nuclei
A

Ventral posterior lateral nuclei

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18
Q
  1. A 63 year-old male who experienced sudden onset of thunderclap headache revealed subarachnoid hemorrhage in the basal cisterns on CT. What is the next best imaging modality that should be requested?
    A. MR angiogram
    B. Skull xray
    C. none of the choices
    D. CT angiogram
A

CT angiogram

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19
Q
  1. The hormones vasopressin and oxytocin are synthesized in the,
    A. Tubero-mammillary nucleus
    B. Suprachiasmatic nucleus
    C. Supra-optic and paraventricular nucleus
    D. Infundibular nucleus
A

Supra-optic and paraventricular nucleus

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20
Q
  1. The final control of the parasympathetic system is in the,
    A. Supra-chiasmatic nuclei
    B. Pre-optic and anterior nuclei of the hypothalamus
    C. Supra-optic nucleus
    D. Lateral hypothalamic nucleus
A

Pre-optic and anterior nuclei of the hypothalamus

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21
Q
  1. Parinaud syndrome caused by pineal gland tumors can cause all of the following except:
    A. convergence weakness
    B. supranuclear upgaze palsy
    C. lid retraction
    D. abnormal downward gaze
A

abnormal downward gaze

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22
Q

Thin layer of white matter that covers the superior surface of the thalamus
A. external medullary lamina
B. stratum medullare
C. stratum zonale
D. internal medullary lamina

A

stratum zonale

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23
Q

The axons of the retinal cell bodies terminate in the six layers of the
A. red nucleus
B. lateral geniculate body
C. medial geniculate body
D. median nucleus

A

lateral geniculate body

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24
Q
  1. The following intracranial arteries are part of the Circle of Willis except:
    A. Anterior cerebral artery
    B. Posterior cerebral artery
    C. Vertebrobasilar system
    D. Middle cerebral artery
A

Anterior cerebral artery

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25
Q
  1. Which of the following statements is CORRECT regarding the direct and indirect pathways of the Basal ganglia?
    A. Hyperkinetic movement disorders result from reduce activity in the indirect pathway
    B. The net effect of activity in the indirect pathway is to normally increase movement
    C. The net effect of activity in the direct pathway is to normally inhibit movement
    D. Hypokinetic movement disorders result from the increased activity in the direct pathway
    E. Hyperkinetic movement disorders result from the increased activity in the indirect pathway
A

Hyperkinetic movement disorders result from reduce activity in the indirect pathway

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26
Q
  1. A13 year-old boy with parenchymal bleed on CT and angiogram study revealed tangle of abnormal vessels in the cortical segments of the middle cerebral artery. What is the diagnosis?
    A. Stroke
    B. Brain abscess
    C. Vasculitis
    D. Arteriovenous malformation
A

Stroke

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27
Q
  1. DIRECT PATHWAY:
    A. Cortex - Caudate/Putamen - Globus pallidus externa – Thalamus
    B. Cortex - Globus pallidus externa - Caudate/Putamen – Thalamus
    C. Cortex - Globus pallidus interna - Caudate/Putamen - Thalamus
    D. Cortex - Caudate/Putamen - Globus pallidus interna - Thalamus
A

Cortex - Caudate/Putamen - Globus pallidus interna - Thalamus

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28
Q
  1. The thalamus lies at the core of the diencephalon. Its pole forms the posterior wall of the interventricular foramen of Monroe.
    A. Medial
    B. Inferior
    C. Anterior
    D. Posterior
A

Anterior

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29
Q
  1. Unique structure in C2 vertebra that articulates with C1 anterior arch
    A. Lamina
    B. Spinous process
    C. Odontoid process
    D. Pedicle
A

Odontoid process

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30
Q
  1. The border zone between the cerebral cortex and the hypothalamus is known to control emotions, behaviour and memory and is known as
    A. the limbic system
    B. the extrapyramidal motor system
    C. the basal ganglia
    D. the ARAS
A

the limbic system

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31
Q
  1. Which aspect of the the thalamus forms the upper and lateral walls of the third ventricle while the surface is part of the floor of the body of the lateral ventricle?
    A. Lateral
    B. Ventral
    C. Dorsal
    D. Medial
A

Dorsal

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32
Q
  1. Regarding the basal ganglia circuits, which of the following statements is CORRECT?
    A. The direct pathway is inhibitory: by increasing inhibition of the globus pallidus intern (GPi), it decreases thalamic output
    B. Projections from the subthalamic nucleus to the GPi are inhibitory
    C. Projections from the Pi to the thalamus are inhibitory
    D. The indirect pathway is excitatory: by increasing inhibition of the globus pallidus interna(GPi), it increases thalamic output
A

Projections from the subthalamic nucleus to the GPi are inhibitory

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33
Q
  1. The anterior two-thirds of the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere is supplied by
    A. Anterior cerebral artery
    B. Posterior cerebral artery
    C. Posterior communicating artery
    D. Middle cerebral artery
A

Middle cerebral artery

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34
Q
  1. Which of the following statements is CORRECT regarding the lentiform nucleus?
    A. It is lateral to the internal capsule
    B. It is a wedge-shaped mass of white matter
    C. It is medial to the internal capsule
    D. It is composed of putamen and thalamus
A

It is lateral to the internal capsule

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35
Q
  1. The Bainbridge right atrial reflex is initiated when the nerve endings in the wall of the right atrium and the wall of the vena cava are stimulated by a rise in venous pressure . The afferent fibers ascend the vagus nerve to the medulla and terminate on the nucleus solitarius and connector neurons inhibit the parasympathetic or dorsal nucleus of the vagus and the reticulo-spinal fibers stimulate the thoracic outflow tract resulting in,
    A. increase contraction of the heart
    B. Tachycardia
    C. reduction of the heart rate
    D. depresses contraction of the heart
A

Tachycardia

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36
Q
  1. Neurons of the substantia nigra are inhibitory, the transmitter substance is
    A. Dopaminergic
    B. Gamma aminobutyric acid
    C. Cholinergic
    D. Glutaminergic
A

Dopaminergic

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37
Q
  1. TRUE of Huntington’s disease:
    A. All are correct
    B. Pathology is atrophy of head of caudate
    C. Autosomal recessive inheritance presenting as choreoathetosis
    D. Mutation as excessively long repeats of trinucleotide CGG
A

Pathology is atrophy of head of caudate

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38
Q
  1. The gold standard for neurovascular imaging
    A. both CT angiogram and MR angiogram
    B. Digital subtraction angiography
    C. MR angiogram
    D. CT angiogram
A

Digital subtraction angiography

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39
Q
  1. A 23 year-old male who had a vehicular accident while wearing a seatbelt revealed anterior wedge fracture of L1 vertebral body with a horizontal fracture through posterior elements on xray. What is the diagnosis?
    A. Chance fracture
    B. Clay-shoveler fracture
    C. Hangman’s fracture
    D. Jefferson’s fracture
A

Chance fracture

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40
Q
  1. The sympathetic system comes under the regulation of the,
    A. Paraventricular nuclei
    B. Posterior and lateral nuclei
    C. Medial and hypothalamic nuclei
    D. Pre-optic nuclei
A

Posterior and lateral nuclei

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41
Q
  1. The spinal cord most commonly ends at the level of
    A. L2-L3
    B. T12-L1
    C. L5-S1
    D. L4-L5
A

L2-L3

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42
Q
  1. The lateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere is supplied by
    A. Posterior cerebral artery
    B. Middle cerebral artery
    C. Vertebrobasilar system
    D. Anterior cerebral artery
A

Middle cerebral artery

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43
Q
  1. The subthalamic nucleus uses this neurotransmitter:
    A. Acetylcholine
    B. GABA
    C. Glutamate
    D. Dopamine
A

Glutamate

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44
Q
  1. As an emergency response, the sympathetic nervous system when activated results in
    A. Constriction of pupils
    B. Relaxation of sphincters
    C. Decrease in heart rate
    D. Increase in blood supply to the heart, brain and muscles
A

Increase in blood supply to the heart, brain and muscles

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45
Q

The limbic system by way of this connection and another is able to influence and control the endocrine system and influence emotional behaviour like fear, anger, and reproductive behaviour, that other factor is
A. ARAS and the autonomic nervous system
B. Hippocampus and the hypothalamus
C. Reticular formation and the basal ganglia
D. Hypothalamus and the autonomic nervous system

A

ARAS and the autonomic nervous system

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46
Q

The Globus pallidus interna uses this neurotransmitter:
A. GABA
B. Glutamate
C. Acetylcholine
D. Dopamine

A

GABA

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47
Q
  1. Descending fibers from the RF to the brainstem and spinal cord originate from the pre-optic nucleus, anterior ,posterior and lateral hypothalamic nuclei to reach the,
    A. Limbic system
    B. Anterior nucleus of the thalamus relayed to the cingulum
    C. Cranio-sacral and thoraco-lumbar outflow of the ANS
    D. RF of the tegmentum
A

Cranio-sacral and thoraco-lumbar outflow of the ANS

48
Q
  1. This structure forms the major site from which the output leaves the basal ganglia:
    A. Thalamus
    B. Substantia nigra
    C. Globus pallidus
    D. Caudate/Putamen
A

Globus pallidus

49
Q
  1. The primary blood supply of the thalamus is from the:
    A. posterior cerebral artery
    B. anterior cerebral artery
    C. middle cerebral artery
    D. anterior communicating artery
A

posterior cerebral artery

50
Q
  1. Best imaging modality for evaluation of chronic low back pain in an elderly with no history of trauma
    A. Bone CT
    B. Lumbosacral MRI
    C. Myelography
    D. Lumbosacral x-ray
A

Lumbosacral MRI

51
Q
  1. This hormone regulated by the the hypothalamus controls the body’s response to stress
    A. Growth hormome releasing hormone
    B. Vasopressin
    C. Oxyctocin
    D. Corticothropin releasing hormone
A

Corticothropin releasing hormone

52
Q
  1. A 48 y/o nurse was recently admitted for a thalamic infarct. Her AP is considering Thalamic svndrome due to:
    A. choreoathetosis with ataxia
    B. loss of all forms of sensation on opposite side of her body
    C. altered muscle tone in different body parts
    D. spontaneous excessive & unpleasant pain on opposite side of body
A

spontaneous excessive & unpleasant pain on opposite side of body

53
Q

The hypothalamus receives inputs from this source known as “primary visceral sensory relay station” of the brain
A. nucleus tractus solitarius
B. hypophysis
C. reticular formation
D. area postrenema

A

nucleus tractus solitarius

54
Q

The activities of this part of the ANS are directed towards conserving and restoring energy, this is the
A. Limbic system
B. parasympathetic nervous system
C. Extrapyramidal motor system
D. sympathetic nervous system

A

parasympathetic nervous system

55
Q
  1. The afferent component of the ANS is identical to the afferent component of the somatic nerves and forms part of the general afferent system of the entire nervous system, they are activated by
    A. pain
    B. heat and touch
    C. change in position
    D. stretch and hypoxemia
A

stretch and hypoxemia

56
Q
  1. Location of interpretation of emotional aspect of pain
    A. Post-central gyrus
    B. Cingulate gyrus
    C. Insular gyrus
    D. Reticular formation
A

D. Reticular formation

57
Q
  1. Non-painful input prevents pain sensation from traveling to the central nervous system
    A. Reciprocal inhibition
    B. Reflex arc
    C. Feedback inhibition
    D. Gate control
A

D. Gate control

58
Q
  1. The Spinothalamic tracts are,
    A. Autonomous pathways
    B. Descending pathways
    C. Afferent pathways
    D. Efferent pathways
A

Afferent pathways

59
Q
  1. This statement best describes the efferent connections of the hypothalamus:
    A. The parasympathetic nucleus of the cranial nerve Ill receives descending fibers from the hypothalamus.
    B. The posterior nucleus of the thalamus receives fibers from the mammillary body.
    C. The mammillotegmental tract connects the hypothalamus to the reticular formation in the pons.
    D. The supraoptic nucleus sends fibers to the cerebellar cortex.
A

The mammillotegmental tract connects the hypothalamus to the reticular formation in the pons.

60
Q
  1. Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning the nuclei of the hypothalamus:
    A. The nuclei are separated from each other by distinct margins
    B. The suprachiasmatic nucleus overlaps both the medial and lateral groups of nuclei.
    C. The fornix and the mammillothalamic tract divide the hypothalamic nuclei into anterior and posterior
    D. The preoptic nucleus is confined only to the lateral zone of nuclei.
A

B. The suprachiasmatic nucleus overlaps both the medial and lateral groups of nuclei.

61
Q
  1. During the screening neurologic examination, pronator drift tests for
    A. tone of the upper extremities
    B. proprioception
    C. weakness of the upper extremities
    D. sensory loss of the upper extremities
A

B. proprioception

62
Q
  1. The first order neuron of the ascending tract usually comes from the
    A. Substancia gelatinosa
    B. Nucleus dorsalis
    C. Posterior root ganglion
    D. Anterior root ganglion
A

C. Posterior root ganglion

63
Q
  1. Through which bone does the olfactory nerve pass through?
    A. Sphenoid
    B. Ethmoid
    C. Squamous portion of temporal bone
    D. Frontal
A

B. Ethmoid

64
Q
  1. Where is the nucleus of the trochlear nerve found?
    A. Anterior to the cerebral aqueduct at the level of the superior colliculus
    B. Anterior to the cerebral aqueduct at the level of the inferior colliculus
    C. Dorsum of the midbrain at the level of the inferior colliculus
    D. Dorsum of the midbrain at the level of the superior colliculus
A

B. Anterior to the cerebral aqueduct at the level of the inferior colliculus

65
Q
  1. This part of the brain is concerned with converting recent memory into long term memory.
    A. Dentate gyrus
    B. Cingulum
    C. Amygdala
    D. Hippocampus
A

D. Hippocampus

66
Q
  1. The term “white matter” refers to the,
    A. Neuroglia
    B. Cells in the cerebral cortex
    C. Nerve fibers embedded in neuroglia
    D. Neurons in the brain
A

C. Nerve fibers embedded in neuroglia

67
Q
  1. Which fibers cross at the level of the optic chiasm?
    A. Both nasal and temporal fibers
    B. Inferior quadrant of the optic nerve
    C. Nasal fibers of the optic nerve
    D. Temporal fibers of the optic nerve
A

C. Nasal fibers of the optic nerve

68
Q
  1. Upon closure of the neural tube, the skin above it separates and the cells that formed the margins of the neural tube separates and lies between the tube and the ectoderm, these important cells form the,
    A. Notochord
    B. Mesodermn 1
    C. Neural plate
    D. Neural crest
A

D. Neural crest

69
Q
  1. The following are found in the wall of the cavernous sinus except:
    A. Trochlear
    B. Trigeminal, mandibular branch
    C. Oculomotor
    D. Trigeminal, maxillary branch
A

B. Trigeminal, mandibular branch

70
Q
  1. The heart muscle is innervated by,
    A. Sympathetic nervous system
    B. Parasympathetic nervous system
    C. sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
    D. Peripheral nervous system
A

C. sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system

71
Q
  1. The cells of the neural crest migrate ventro-laterally to form the,
    A. Notochord
    B. Autonomic ganglia
    C. Posterior root ganglia
    D. All of the choices
    E. Sensory ganglia of the cranial nerves
A

C. Posterior root ganglia

72
Q
  1. Which is CORRECT among the following statements concerning the hypothalamohypophyseal tract?
    A. The hormones travel through the dendrites of neurons with carbohydrate molecule.
    B. Vasopressin is produced from the nerve cells of the posterior hypothalamic nuclei.
    C. Oxytocin inhibits uterine contraction.
    D. On reaching the axon terminals, the hormones are absorbed in the bloodstream in the capillaries of the posterior lobe of the hypophysis.
A

D. On reaching the axon terminals, the hormones are absorbed in the bloodstream in the capillaries of the posterior lobe of the hypophysis.

73
Q
  1. This vascular territory supplies most of the inferior surface of the cerebral hemisphere, occipital lobe and corpus callosum
    A. Posterior cerebral artery
    B. Middle cerebral artery
    C. Posterior communicating artery
    D. Anterior cerebral artery
A

A. Posterior cerebral artery

74
Q
  1. The control of skeletal muscle, somatic and visceral sensation, autonomic nervous system, endocrine system and circadian rhythms is achieved by the
    A. Reticular Formation
    B. Hypothalamus
    C. Reticular Formation and Hypothalamus
    D. Limbic system and Hypothalamus
A

C. Reticular Formation and Hypothalamus

75
Q
  1. Regarding the neurotransmission in the Basal Ganglia, which of the following is CORRECT?
    A. The substantia nigra pars compacta inhibits the direct pathway via the D1 receptors
    B. Glutamate is the major inhibitory of the basal ganglia
    C. GABA is the major neurotransmitter released in the striatal projections to the globus pallidus and in globus pallidus interna projections to the thalamus
    D. D1 receptors are primarily found on neurons involved in the indirect pathway, and D2 receptors involved in the direct pathway
A

A. The substantia nigra pars compacta inhibits the direct pathway via the D1 receptors

76
Q
  1. The ascending tracts terminate in the
    A. The thalamus
    B. Post-central somesthetic cortex of the forebrain
    C. Third order neurons
    D. Second order neurons
A

A. The thalamus

77
Q
  1. When a stimulus is applied to a receptor it causes a change in the electrical potential of the plasma membrane of the cell of the receptor, which can be a nerve ending, the process of change in the form of energy is called,
    A. Transformation
    B. Transduction
    C. Transposition
    D. Polarization
A

B. Transduction

78
Q
  1. Which among the following nuclei is confined only to the medial zone?
    A. tuberomammillary nucleus
    B. supraoptic nucleus
    C. paraventricular nucleus
    D. lateral tuberal nuclei
A

C. paraventricular nucleus

79
Q
  1. Which of the following statements is correct regarding the midbrain?
    A. The trochlear nucleus is situated in the central gray matter at the level of the inferior colliculus
    B. The interpeduncular fossa is bounded laterally by the cerebellar peduncles
    C. The tegmentum lies anterior to the substantia nigra
    D. The oculomotor nucleus is seen at the level of the inferior colliculus
A

A. The trochlear nucleus is situated in the central gray matter at the level of the inferior colliculus

80
Q
  1. Which of the following statements regarding the Basal Ganglia is INCORRECT?
    A. The activity of the basal ganglia is initiated by information received from premotor and supplemental areas of the motor cortex, primary sensory cortex thalamus and brainstem
    B. The neurons of the subthalamic nuclei are glutaminergic and inhibitory
    C. The outflow from the basal nuclei is channeled through the globus pallidus
    D. None, all are correct
A

B. The neurons of the subthalamic nuclei are glutaminergic and inhibitory

81
Q
  1. These are the receiving input of the basal ganglia/nuclei:
    A. Putamen and Globus pallidus
    B. Thalamus
    C. Caudate and Putamen
    D. Globus pallidus interna and Globus pallidus externa
A

C. Caudate and Putamen

82
Q
  1. What descending tract comes from the primary motor cortex of the brain?
    A. Spinotectal Tract
    B. Lateral Spinothalamic tract
    C. Anterior Spinothalamic tract
    D. Corticospinal Tract
A

D. Corticospinal Tract

83
Q
  1. Each spinal nerve enters or leaves the spinal cord respectively by the posterior root or the anterior root; the posterior root carries fibers that are.
    A. Sympathetic
    B. Parasympathetic
    C. Efferent
    D. Sensory
A

D. Sensory

84
Q
  1. The ff has bilateral connections from
    cranial motor nuclei except
    a. Muscles for mastication
    b. Muscles for swallowing
    c. Upper half of the face
    d. Genioglossus muscle
A

d. Genioglossus muscle

85
Q
  1. The crus cerebri contains the descending tracts and it is separated from the tegmentum by the
    a. Medial longitudinal fasciculus
    b. Red nucleus
    c. Superior cerebellar peduncle
    d. Substantia nigra
A

d. Substantia nigra

86
Q
  1. The ff intracranial arteries are part of the Posterior circulation except:
    a. Basilar artery
    b. Posterior cerebral artery
    c. Vertebral arteries
    d. Posterior communicating artery
A

d. Posterior communicating artery

87
Q

This is a large C-shaped mass of gray matter situated lateral to the thalamus separated by a band of white matter from the corpus striatum. This is the-
a. Fornix
b. Habenula
c. Cingulate gyrus
d. Caudate nucleus

A

d. Caudate nucleus

88
Q

Which of the ff pathways do not decussate?
a. Cuneate fasciculus
b. Spinothalamic tract
c. Medial corticospinal tract
d. Lateral corticospinal tract

A

c. Medial corticospinal tract

89
Q

This is a wedge-shaped mass of gray matter in the cerebral hemisphere next to the internal capsule and the external capsule which separates it from the claustrum. This is the –
a. Caudate nucleus
b. Insula
c. Thalamus
d. Lentiform nucleus

A

d. Lentiform nucleus

90
Q

These are the receiving input of the basal ganglia/nuclei:
a. Globus pallidus interna and Globus pallidus externa
b. Thalamus
c. Caudate and Putamen
d. Putamen and Globus pallidus

A

c. Caudate and Putamen

91
Q

The afferent stimuli of the of the ANS originate in visceral receptors, travel by the afferent pathways to the CNS, they are integrated at different levels by –
a. Association neurons
b. Intersegmental neurons
c. Connector neurons
d. Intrasegmental neurons

A

c. Connector neurons

92
Q

The ___ of the thalamus forms part of the lateral wall of the 3rd ventricle
a. Lateral surface
b. Posterior surface
c. Medial surface
d. Anterior surface

A

c. Medial surface

93
Q

This is a network of cells and nerve fibers extending through the axis of the CNS from the spinal cord to the cerebrum that controls skeletal muscle activity, the ANS, endocrine system, diurnal rhythms. This is the
a. Hypothalamo-hypophyseal axis
b. Hypothalamus
c. Limbic system
d. Ascending reticular activating system

A

a. Hypothalamo-hypophyseal axis

94
Q

It influences motor activities and lies on the pathway between corpus striatum & motor areas of frontal cortex
a. Pulvinar
b. Ventral anterior nucleus
c. Ventral lateral nucleus
d. Dorsal posterior nucleus

A

b. Ventral anterior nucleus

95
Q

. Which of the ff is the correct order of transmission of sound?
a. Organ corti to superior olivary nucleus to lateral lemniscus to lateral geniculate body to primary auditory cortex
b. Organ of corti to lateral lemniscus to medial geniculate body to superior olivary nucleus to primary auditory cortex
c. Organ of corti to superior olivary nucleus to lateral lemniscus to medial geniculate body to primary auditory cortex
d. Organ of corti to inferior olivary nucleus to medial lemniscus to medial geniculate body to primary auditory cortex

A

c. Organ of corti to superior olivary nucleus to lateral lemniscus to medial geniculate body to primary auditory cortex

96
Q

This part of the diencephalon extends from the optic chiasma to the caudal border of the mammillary body and controls extensive functions in the body to maintain homeostasis. This is the –
a. Hypothalamus
b. Ascending reticular activating system
c. Limbic system
d. Autonomic nervous system

A

a. Hypothalamus

97
Q

The lateral gray column of the spinal cord and the motor nuclei of the IIIrd, VIIth, IXth, Xth cranial nerves are cell bodies of –
a. Preganglionic neurons of the afferent pathways
b. Postganglionic neurons of the efferent pathways
c. Postganglionic neurons of the afferent pathways
d. Preganglionic neurons of efferent pathways

A

d. Preganglionic neurons of efferent pathways

98
Q

Which of the ff statements is true?
a. The oculomotor nerve moves
the eye laterally
b. The spinal accessory nerve
depresses the shoulder
c. The facial nerve closes the
eyes
d. The trigeminal nerve
receives taste sensation

A

c. The facial nerve closes the
eyes

99
Q

A 70 y/o female developed sudden onset blurring of vision. On visual field assessment, the ff was noted. Where is the lesion?
a. Inferior wall of the left calcarine sulcus
b. Superior wall of the left calcarine sulcus
c. Superior wall of the right calcarine sulcus
d. Inferior wall of the right calcarine sulcus

A

b. Superior wall of the left calcarine sulcus

100
Q
  1. Which of the ff cranial nerves innervate the posterior belly of the digastric and stylohyoid muscles?
    a. Vagus
    b. Glossopharyngeal
    c. Trigeminal
    d. Facial
A

d. Facial

101
Q
  1. This region forms the core of the cerebrum and its important parts surround the Third Ventricle -
    a. Tegmentum
    b. Telencephalon
    c. Tectum
    d. Diencephalon
A

d. Diencephalon

102
Q
  1. This structure in the limbic lobe is concerned with the conversion of recent memory to long-term memory.
    This is the -
    a. Parahippocampal gyrus
    b. Indusium grisium
    c. Uncus
    d. Hippocampus
A

d. Hippocampus

103
Q
  1. The white matter of the cerebrum is composed of nerve fiber groups, commissural fibers and projection fibers and one more group of fibers that interconnect between groups of nuclei which is the -
    a. Habenula
    b. Internal capsule
    c. Corona radiata
    d. Association fibers
A

d. Association fibers

104
Q
  1. Vascular supply for the anterior tip of the temporal lobe and inferolateral frontal lobe:
    a. Anterior cerebral artery
    b. Middle cerebral artery
    c. Basilar artery
    d. Posterior cerebral artery
A

b. Middle cerebral artery

105
Q
  1. The major output pathway of the limbic system is the -
    a. Corpus callosum
    b. Fornix
    c. Habenula
    d. Hypothalamus
A

d. Hypothalamus

106
Q
  1. Which of the ff statements regarding the Basal Ganglia is INCORRECT?
    a. The outflow from the basal nuclei is channeled through the globus pallidus
    b. The neurons of the subthalamic nuclei are glutaminergic and inhibitory
    c. None, all are correct
    d. The activity of the basal ganglia is initiated by information received from premotor and supplemental areas of the motor cortex, primary sensory cortex, thalamus and brainstem.
A

b. The neurons of the subthalamic nuclei are glutaminergic and inhibitory

107
Q
  1. This part of the thalamus is associated with limbic system concerned with emotional tone and mechanisms of recent memory
    a. Posterior
    b. Medial
    c. Anterior
    d. Lateral
A

c. Anterior

108
Q
  1. The vertebral artery, the anterior and posterior spinal arteries, the PICA, the basilar artery, main supply the -
    a. Cervical cord
    b. Cerebellum
    c. Pons
    d. Medulla
A

d. Medulla

109
Q
  1. Regarding the neurotransmission in the Basal Ganglia, which of the ff is CORRECT?
    a. Glutamate is the major inhibitory of the basal ganglia
    b. GABA is the major neurotransmitter released in the striatal projections to the globus pallidus and in globus pallidus interna projections to the thalamus
    c. D1 receptors are primarily found on neurons involved in the indirect pathway, and D2 receptors involved in the direct pathway
    d. The substantia nigra pars compacta inhibits the direct pathway via the D1 receptors
A

d. The substantia nigra pars compacta inhibits the direct pathway via the D1 receptors

110
Q
  1. Proprioceptive information originates from inside the body, the muscles, joints and are carried by -
    a. Autonomic tracts
    b. Ascending tracts
    c. Reflex arcs
    d. Descending tracts
A

b. Ascending tracts

111
Q
  1. The patellar reflex or knee jerk is dependent on the integrity of the reflex arc at the level of -
    a. L1, L2, L3
    b. L3, L4, L5
    C. L2, L3, L4
    d. T12, L1, L2
A

C. L2, L3, L4

112
Q
  1. Which if the ff statements are correct regarding the midbrain?
    a. The interpeduncular fossa is bounded laterally by the cerebellar peduncles
    b. The oculomotor nucleus is seen at the level of the inferior colliculus
    c. The trochlear nucleus is situated in the central gray matter at the level of the inferior colliculus
    d. The tegmentum lies anterior to the substantia nigra
A

d. The tegmentum lies anterior to the substantia nigra

113
Q
  1. This system is a group of structures on the border zone of the cerebral cortex and the hypothalamus that exercise control of memory, behavior, and drive. This is the -
    a. Extrapyramidal motor system
    b. Sympathetic system
    c. Limbic system
    d. Parasympathetic system
A

c. Limbic system

114
Q
  1. In the somatotropic arrangement of the spinal cord fibers for that of the motor segments, where would fibers for the upper limb be located compared to that of the lower limb on a cross-section of the spinal cord?
    a. Posteriorly
    b. Anteriorly
    c. Laterally
    d. Medially
A

b. Anteriorly

115
Q
  1. These nerve cells transmit impulses to the skeletal muscles
    a. Lower motor neurons
    b. Tract cells
    c. Neuroglia
    d. Sensory neurons
A

a. Lower motor neurons

116
Q

All of the ff structures are seen in the dorsal surface of the medulla, except:
a. Pyramidal decussation
b. Gracile tubercle
c. Floor of the fourth ventricle
d. Posterior median sulcus

A

a. Pyramidal decussation

NeuroAnatomy (9 decks)

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