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NeuroAnatomy > 2nd Neuroanatomy Lecture Exam - Spinal Cord and the Ascending and Descending Tracts (Batch 2025) > Flashcards

2nd Neuroanatomy Lecture Exam - Spinal Cord and the Ascending and Descending Tracts (Batch 2025) Flashcards

1
Q

1.TRUE OR FALSE? The inferior cerebellar peduncle is situated posterolateral to the motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve and is joined by the anterior spinocerebellar tract.
a. True
b. False

A

b. False

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2
Q

2.The vertebral arch gives rise to two spinous process. These transverse processes are directed _______from the junction of the laminae and the pedicles.
a. Anteriorly
b. Posteriorly
c. Laterally
d. Medially

A

c. Laterally

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3
Q

3.It is made up of unmyelinated axons that innervate glands and smooth muscle:
a. White ramus
b. Grey ramus
c. Dorsal ramus
d. Ventrolateral ramus

A

b. Grey ramus

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4
Q

4.This nerve is located near the medial epicondyle of the humerus and an injury to this nerve will lead to muscular
deficits in the hand.
a. Axillary nerve
b. Radial nerve
c. Musculocutaneous nerve
d. Ulnar nerve

A

d. Ulnar nerve

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5
Q

5.The medulla is derived from this embryonic structure:
a. Telencephalon
b. Mesencephalon
c. Myelencephalon
d. Metencephalon

A

c. Myelencephalon

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6
Q

6.Which of the following statements is CORRECT regarding the medulla oblongata?
a. The decussation of pyramids is seen at the rostral medulla
b. The decussation of the medial lemnisci posterior to the central gray matter and anterior to the pyramids
c. Pyramids containing the corticospinal tract are situated in the anterior medulla, and are separated by the anterior median fissure
d. The medial lemniscus forms a flattened tract on each side of the midline anterior to the pyramids

A

c. Pyramids containing the corticospinal tract are situated in the anterior medulla, and are separated by the anterior median fissure

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7
Q

7.In the Locked-in syndrome, the lesion involves the:
a. midbrain tectum
b. midbrain tegmentum
c. basis pontis
d. pontine tegmentum

A

d. pontine tegmentum

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8
Q

8.The axillary nerve arises directly from which part of the brachial plexus?
a. Posterior cord
b. Anterior cord
c. Inferior trunk
d. Lateral trunk

A

a. Posterior cord

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9
Q

9.This pathway carries impulses concerned with discriminative (fine) touch, vibratory sense and muscle joint sense.
a. Spinothalamic tract
b. Corticospinal tract
c. Posterior Column-medial lemniscal pathway
d. Anterolateral pathway

A

c. Posterior Column-medial lemniscal pathway

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10
Q

10.TRUE OR FALSE? The crus cerebri contains the corticospinal and corticonuclear tracts occupying the lateral part of the crus.
a. True
b. False

A

a. True

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11
Q

11.Which of the following statements is INCORRECT regarding the midbrain?
a. The tectum is posterior part of the midbrain posterior to the cerebral aqueduct
b. The inferior colliculus is connected to the lateral geniculate body by the inferior brachium
c. The interpeduncular fossa can be seen on transverse section separating the cerebral peduncles
d. The emerging fibers of the trochlear nucleus pass laterally and posteriorly and leave the midbrain just below the inferior colliculi
e. None, all are correct

A

b. The inferior colliculus is connected to the lateral geniculate body by the inferior brachium

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12
Q

12.These horns of the spinal cord contain visceral motor neurons:
a. Posterior grey horn
b. Anterior grey horn
c. Lateral grey horn
d. Medial grey horn

A

c. Lateral grey horn

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13
Q

13.Myotomes are graded in terms of power or strength. A grading of 3 will signify:
a. Palpable or visible contraction
b. Active movement, full range of motion with gravity eliminated
c. Active movement, full range of motion against gravity
d. Active movement, full range of motion against gravity & moderate resistance in a muscle specific position

A

c. Active movement, full range of motion against gravity

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14
Q

14.This artery supplies the bulk of the spinal cord, the anterior two-thirds, while the two posterior spinal arteries supply the dorsal columns.
a. Anterior spinal artery
b. Posterior spinal artery
c. Lateral spinal artery
d. Medial spinal artery

A

a. Anterior spinal artery

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15
Q

15.First order neurons take carry sensory information and take signals from the lower limbs and travel through this medial part of the dorsal column then synapse in the medulla oblongata.
a. Fasciculus cuneatus
b. Facisculus gracilis
c. Anterior spinothalamic tract
d. Anterior spinocerebellar

A

b. Facisculus gracilis

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16
Q

16.This tract coordinates movements of the head in relation to vision stimuli
a. Reticulospinal tract
b. Vestibulospinal tract
c. Tectospinal tract
d. Rubrospinal tract

A

c. Tectospinal tract

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17
Q

17.TRUE OR FALSE? The substantia nigra situated between the tegmentum and crus cerebri is found throughout the midbrain.
a. True
b. False

A

a. True

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18
Q

18.These structures found in the brainstem are part of the auditory pathway, EXCEPT:
a. Trapezoid body
b. Lateral lemniscus
c. Cochlear nuclei
d. Medial vestibular nuclei

A

d. Medial vestibular nuclei

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19
Q

19.They carry the sensory modalities of fine touch, vibration and proprioception.
a. Dorsal column-medial lemniscal pathway
b. Anterolateral system
c. Spinocerebellar tract
d. Rubrocerbellar tracts

A

a. Dorsal column-medial lemniscal pathway

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20
Q

20.This tract corrects errors in the movement initiated by the corticospinal tract:
a. Reticulospinal tract
b. Vestibulospinal tract
c. Tectospinal tract
d. Rubrospinal tract

A

d. Rubrospinal tract

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21
Q

21.The midbrain tegmentum is affected in this Brainstem Vascular Syndrome:
a. Weber Syndrome
b. Benedikt Syndrom
c. Locked-in Syndrome
d. Wallenberg syndrome

A

c. Locked-in Syndrome

22
Q

22.All of the structures are seen in the dorsal pons, EXCEPT:
a. Facial colliculus
b. Sulcus limitans
c. Basilar groove
d. Vestibular area

A

c. Basilar groove

23
Q

23.This structure surrounds the cerebral aqueduct:
a. Medial longitudinal fasciculus
b. Lateral lemniscus
c. Trochlear nerve
d. Periaqueductal gray

A

d. Periaqueductal gray

24
Q

24.The afferent pathway for the light reflex ends in the:
a. Edinger-Westphal nucleus
b. Pre-tectal nucleus
c. Oculomotor nucleus
d. Red nucleus

A

b. Pre-tectal nucleus

25
Q

25.In the early stages of fetal development, the spinal cord occupies the whole length of the vertebral column. At birth, the spinal cord is at the level of:
a. L1
b. L2
c. L3
d. L4

A

c. L3

26
Q

26.Structures in the central gray matter at the level of the olives are the following, EXCEPT:
a. Hypoglossal nucleus
b. Dorsal nucleus of vagus
c. Nucleus ambiguus
d. Medial and Inferior Vestibular nuclei

A

c. Nucleus ambiguus

27
Q

27.TRUE OR FALSE? In the medulla, the inferior vestibular nucleus has replaced the lateral vestibular nucleus at the
level just inferior to the pons.
a. True
b. False

A

b. False

28
Q

28.This syndrome is typically seen in older patients with hyperextension injury.
a. Anterior Cord Syndrome
b. Central Cord Syndrome
c. Posterior Cord Syndrome
d. Cauda Equina Syndrome

A

b. Central Cord Syndrome

29
Q

29.The red nuclei can be seen at this level:
a. Level of superior colliculi
b. Level of inferior colliculi
c. Rostral pons
d. Caudal pons

A

a. Level of superior colliculi

30
Q

30.This/These nucleus/nuclei of the trigeminal nerve is/are present in the transverse section of the caudal pons but not in the rostral part:
a. spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve
b. motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve
c. principal sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve
d. motor nucleus and principal nucleus of trigeminal nerve

A

c. principal sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve

31
Q

31.These cranial nerves are present in the pontomedullary junction, EXCEPT:
a. Trigeminal nerve
b. Vestibulocochlear nerve
c. Facial nerve
d. Abducens nerve

A

a. Trigeminal nerve

32
Q

32.These tracts originate from different areas of the brainstem like the oculomotor nucleus, vestibular nucleus, reticular formation, superior colliculus.
a. Medial longitudinal fasciculus
b. Fasciculus Propii
c. Spino-olivary tract
d. Reticulospinal tract

A

a. Medial longitudinal fasciculus

33
Q

33.The nerve which passes through the quadrangular space of the posterior shoulder innervates which muscle?
a. Deltoid
b. Infraspinatus
c. Supraspinatus
d. Subscapularis

A

d. Subscapularis

34
Q

34.In lateral medullary syndrome, this structure is responsible for the analgesia and thermoanesthesia on the ipsilateral side of the face:
a. Descending sympathetic tract
b. Inferior cerebellar peduncle
c. Spinothalamic tract
d. nucleus and spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve

A

b. Inferior cerebellar peduncle

35
Q

35.A 70-year-old hypertensive and diabetic patient was brought to the hospital due to vertigo and vomiting. Upon
neurologic exam, he was noted to have left sided limb ataxia, left-sided pain and temperature on face, left sided Horner’s syndrome, right sided alteration pain and temperature affecting the arm and leg, dysarthria, and decreased gag on the left. Where is the lesion?
a. Left medial medulla
b. Right medial medulla
c. Left lateral medulla
d. Right lateral medulla

A

c. Left lateral medulla

36
Q

36.This structure is the main pathway that connects the vestibular and cochlear nuclei with the nuclei controlling the extraocular muscles (oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nuclei):
a. trapezoid body
b. medial lemniscus
c. spinal nucleus
d. medial longitudinal fasciculus

A

b. medial lemniscus

37
Q

37.TRUE OR FALSE? The cerebellar peduncles can be seen in the dorsal surface of the pons.
a. True
b. False

A

b. False

38
Q

38.This clinical feature indicates a lower motor neuron lesion:
a. Hyperreflexia
b. Spasticity
c. Fasciculations
d. Loss of cortical sensations

A

c. Fasciculations

39
Q

39.In lesions of the pons, this structure is responsible for the impairment of conjugate deviation of the eyeballs:
a. medial longitudinal fasciculus
b. medial lemniscus
c. lateral lemniscus
d. vestibular nucleus

A

a. medial longitudinal fasciculus

40
Q

40.Which myotome is most strongly associated with ankle plantar flexion?
a. C8
b. T1
c. L4
d. S1

A

d. S1

41
Q

41.This lamina surrounds the central canal – the grey commissure and its axons decussate from one side of the spinal cord to the other
a. Lamina IV
b. Lamina V
c. Lamina X
d. Lamina XI

A

c. Lamina X

42
Q

42.TRUE OR FALSE? The facial nerve wind around the abducens nucleus producing the facial colliculus at the level of caudal pons.
a. True
b. False

A

a. True

43
Q

43.This spinal cord nuclei relays unconscious proprioceptive information to the brain. They are only found in spinal
segments C8 to L3.
a. Substancia gelatinosa
b. Dorsal nucleus of Clarke
c. Nucleus Propius
d. Intermediolateral nucleus

A

b. Dorsal nucleus of Clarke

44
Q

44.A 62-year-old male was brought to the ER due to sudden onset of left-sided weakness. Neurologic examination revealed weakness of the left upper and lower limbs, with sparing of the face, tongue deviation to the right, and loss of vibration and proprioception on the left upper and lower limbs. Where is the lesion?
a. Left medial medulla
b. Right medial medulla
c. Left lateral medulla
d. Right lateral medulla

A

b. Right medial medulla

45
Q

45.This zone of the neural tube contains ascending & descending axons that are thickly myelinated fibers forming the future white matter.
a. Ventricular zone
b. Mantle zone
c. Marginal zone
d. Basilar zone

A

a. Ventricular zone

46
Q

46.These structures are identified on the surface of the anterior midbrain, EXCEPT:
a. Corpora quadrigemina
b. Interpeduncular fossa
c. Oculomotor nerve
d. Posterior perforated substance

A

a. Corpora quadrigemina

47
Q

47.Which of the following is a correct statement about the intervertebral disc?
a. The thickest is found in the cervical & lumbar regions where movement is least.
b. The disc elasticity allows the rigid vertebrae to move one on the other and resiliency is increased with advancing age.
c. The nucleus pulposus is the central part made up of fibrocartilaginous fibers arranged in concentric layers on 3 concentric layers.
d. The nucleus pulposus is an ovoid mass of gelatinous material with known semifluid nature allowing it to change shape & permit one vertebrae to rock.

A

d. The nucleus pulposus is an ovoid mass of gelatinous material with known semifluid nature allowing it to change shape & permit one vertebrae to rock.

48
Q

48.In a patient with Erb Duchenne Palsy, a nerve arising from the (upper) superior trunk of the brachial plexus is nonfunctional. This nerve is the –
a. Suprascapular
b. Dorsal scapular
c. Long thoracic
d. Medial pectoral

A

a. Suprascapular

49
Q

49.This meningeal layer is avascular and primarily exists to help maintain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) metabolism.
a. Dura mater
b. Arachnoid
c. Pia mater
d. Subdural space

A

b. Arachnoid

50
Q

50.In Klumpke’s Paralysis, these nerves are usually injured either before or after they have the joined to form the lower trunk.
a. C3-C4
b. C6-C7
c. C8-T1
d. T2-T3

A

c. C8-T1

NeuroAnatomy (9 decks)

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